महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-57, verse-34

समासाद्य तु तं शैलं शैलाग्रे समवस्थितम् ।
तपोनित्यं महात्मानमपश्यद्वृषभध्वजम् ॥३४॥

34. samāsādya tu taṁ śailaṁ śailāgre samavasthitam ,
taponityaṁ mahātmānamapaśyadvṛṣabhadhvajam.

34. samāsādya tu tam śailam śailāgre samavasthitam
taponityam mahātmānam apaśyat vṛṣabhadhvajam

34. tu tam śailam samāsādya śailāgre samavasthitam
taponityam mahātmānam vṛṣabhadhvajam apaśyat

34. Upon reaching that mountain, he beheld the great-souled one (mahātman), whose banner bore the bull (vṛṣabhadhvaja), who was situated on the mountain peak and perpetually engaged in asceticism (tapas).

Words meanings summery:

• समासाद्य (samāsādya) - having approached, having reached

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, and

• तम् (tam) - that (mountain) (that (masculine, accusative singular))

• शैलम् (śailam) - the specific mountain where Shiva was located (mountain)

• शैलाग्रे (śailāgre) - on the mountain peak

• समवस्थितम् (samavasthitam) - situated (on the mountain peak) (situated, standing, established)

• तपोनित्यम् (taponityam) - constantly engaged in asceticism (tapas)

• महात्मानम् (mahātmānam) - Lord Shiva, described as great-souled (the great-souled one, the great being)

• अपश्यत् (apaśyat) - (The observer, likely Arjuna, who is the subject of this narrative, saw Lord Shiva) (he saw)

• वृषभध्वजम् (vṛṣabhadhvajam) - Lord Shiva, identified by his bull banner, Nandi (one whose banner is a bull)

Words meanings and morphology

समासाद्य (samāsādya) - having approached, having reached

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from the root `sad` with prefixes `sam` and `ā`, and the `lyap` (absolutive) suffix.

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: sad (class 1)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, and

(indeclinable)

तम् (tam) - that (mountain) (that (masculine, accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

शैलम् (śailam) - the specific mountain where Shiva was located (mountain)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śaila

śaila - mountain, rock, hill, peak

Derived from `śilā` (rock).

शैलाग्रे (śailāgre) - on the mountain peak

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of śailāgra

śailāgra - mountain peak, summit of a mountain

Compound of `śaila` (mountain) and `agra` (top, peak).

Compound type : tatpurusha (śaila+agra)

• śaila – mountain, rock
  noun (masculine)
• agra – top, peak, front, tip
  noun (neuter)

समवस्थितम् (samavasthitam) - situated (on the mountain peak) (situated, standing, established)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of samavasthita

samavasthita - situated, standing, established, existing, firm

Past Passive Participle

From the root `sthā` (to stand) with prefixes `sam` and `ava`, and the `kta` (PPP) suffix.

Prefixes: sam+ava

Root: sthā (class 1)

तपोनित्यम् (taponityam) - constantly engaged in asceticism (tapas)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of taponitya

taponitya - constantly devoted to asceticism (tapas), habitually performing asceticism (tapas)

Compound of `tapas` (asceticism) and `nitya` (constant, habitual).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (tapas+nitya)

• tapas – asceticism, penance, heat, spiritual fervor
  noun (neuter)
  Root: tap (class 1)
• nitya – constant, eternal, perpetual, regular
  adjective

महात्मानम् (mahātmānam) - Lord Shiva, described as great-souled (the great-souled one, the great being)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, a great being, a magnanimous person; the supreme spirit (ātman)

Compound of `mahā` (great) and `ātman` (self, soul).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)

Note: Object of 'apaśyat'.

अपश्यत् (apaśyat) - (The observer, likely Arjuna, who is the subject of this narrative, saw Lord Shiva) (he saw)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of dṛś

Imperfect (Laṅ-lakāra), 3rd person singular

From root `dṛś` (class 1, often takes `paśya` stem in present/imperfect) with the augment `a-` for imperfect tense.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: The implied subject is not explicit in this verse.

वृषभध्वजम् (vṛṣabhadhvajam) - Lord Shiva, identified by his bull banner, Nandi (one whose banner is a bull)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vṛṣabhadhvaja

vṛṣabhadhvaja - having a bull for a banner; an epithet of Shiva

Compound of `vṛṣabha` (bull) and `dhvaja` (banner).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vṛṣabha+dhvaja)

• vṛṣabha – bull, chief, best
  noun (masculine)
• dhvaja – banner, flag, standard, emblem
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of 'apaśyat'.