मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-6, verse-91
चतुर्भिरपि चैवैतैर्नित्यमाश्रमिभिर्द्विजैः ।
दशलक्षणको धर्मः सेवितव्यः प्रयत्नतः ॥९१॥
दशलक्षणको धर्मः सेवितव्यः प्रयत्नतः ॥९१॥
91. caturbhirapi caivaitairnityamāśramibhirdvijaiḥ ,
daśalakṣaṇako dharmaḥ sevitavyaḥ prayatnataḥ.
daśalakṣaṇako dharmaḥ sevitavyaḥ prayatnataḥ.
91.
caturbhirapi caiva etaiḥ nityam āśramibhiḥ dvijaiḥ
daśalakṣaṇakaḥ dharmaḥ sevitavyaḥ prayatnataḥ
daśalakṣaṇakaḥ dharmaḥ sevitavyaḥ prayatnataḥ
91.
These ten characteristics of the natural law (dharma) must be diligently practiced by every twice-born person (dvija) residing in any of the four stages of life (āśrama).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- चतुर्भिः (caturbhiḥ) - by four
- अपि (api) - also, even, too
- च (ca) - and
- एवैः (evaiḥ) - indeed, truly
- एतैः (etaiḥ) - by these
- नित्यम् (nityam) - always (always, eternal, perpetual)
- आश्रमिभिः (āśramibhiḥ) - by those residing in any of the four stages of life (by those belonging to a stage of life)
- द्विजैः (dvijaiḥ) - by the twice-born person (dvija) (by the twice-born)
- दशलक्षणकः (daśalakṣaṇakaḥ) - ten characteristics of the natural law (dharma) (having ten characteristics)
- धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law (dharma) (duty, virtue, law, religion, righteousness, characteristic)
- सेवितव्यः (sevitavyaḥ) - must be practiced (should be served, should be practiced)
- प्रयत्नतः (prayatnataḥ) - diligently (with effort, with exertion, diligently)
Words meanings and morphology
चतुर्भिः (caturbhiḥ) - by four
(adjective)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of caturbhiḥ
catur - four
अपि (api) - also, even, too
(indeclinable)
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
एवैः (evaiḥ) - indeed, truly
(indeclinable)
एतैः (etaiḥ) - by these
(pronoun)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of etaiḥ
etad - this, it
नित्यम् (nityam) - always (always, eternal, perpetual)
(indeclinable)
Note: adverbial usage
आश्रमिभिः (āśramibhiḥ) - by those residing in any of the four stages of life (by those belonging to a stage of life)
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of āśramibhiḥ
āśramin - one who belongs to a stage of life (āśrama), an ascetic
formed from āśrama with suffix -in
द्विजैः (dvijaiḥ) - by the twice-born person (dvija) (by the twice-born)
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of dvijaiḥ
dvija - twice-born (Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya; also bird, tooth, snake)
compound of dvi (twice) + ja (born)
Compound type : karmadharaya (dvi+ja)
- dvi – two, twice
indeclinable - ja – born, produced
indeclinable
Past Participle
from root √ji (to be born)
Root: √ji (class 2)
दशलक्षणकः (daśalakṣaṇakaḥ) - ten characteristics of the natural law (dharma) (having ten characteristics)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of daśalakṣaṇakaḥ
daśalakṣaṇaka - having ten marks or characteristics
compound of daśa (ten) + lakṣaṇa (mark, characteristic) + -ka (suffix)
Compound type : tatpurusha (daśa+lakṣaṇa)
- daśa – ten
noun (masculine) - lakṣaṇa – mark, sign, characteristic, symptom, criterion, destiny
noun (neuter)
from √lakṣ (to perceive, to mark)
Root: √lakṣ (class 10)
धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law (dharma) (duty, virtue, law, religion, righteousness, characteristic)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmaḥ
dharma - duty, virtue, law, religion, righteousness, characteristic, nature, quality, property, phenomenon
from root √dhṛ (to hold, support, maintain)
Root: √dhṛ (class 2)
सेवितव्यः (sevitavyaḥ) - must be practiced (should be served, should be practiced)
(gerundive)
प्रयत्नतः (prayatnataḥ) - diligently (with effort, with exertion, diligently)
(indeclinable)
from pra- (prefix) + √yat (to strive, make effort)
Prefix: pra
Root: √yat (class 1)
Note: adverbial usage