मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-6, verse-23
ग्रीष्मे पञ्चतपास्तु स्याद वर्षास्वभ्रावकाशिकः ।
आर्द्रवासास्तु हेमन्ते क्रमशो वर्धयंस्तपः ॥२३॥
आर्द्रवासास्तु हेमन्ते क्रमशो वर्धयंस्तपः ॥२३॥
23. grīṣme pañcatapāstu syād varṣāsvabhrāvakāśikaḥ ,
ārdravāsāstu hemante kramaśo vardhayaṁstapaḥ.
ārdravāsāstu hemante kramaśo vardhayaṁstapaḥ.
23.
grīṣme pañcatapāstu syād varṣāsvabhrāvakāśikaḥ
ārdrāvāsāstu hắnste kramaśaḥ vardhayanstapaḥ
ārdrāvāsāstu hắnste kramaśaḥ vardhayanstapaḥ
23.
In summer, one should practice the 'five-fires' austerity (pañcatapas), in the rainy season, one should stay under a shelter of clouds, and in winter, one should wear damp clothes, gradually increasing the austerity (tapas).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- ग्रीष्मे (grīṣme) - in summer
- पञ्चतपास्तु (pañcatapāstu) - the five fires
- स्यात् (syāt) - should be, may be
- वर्षासु (varṣāsu) - in the rainy season
- अभ्रावकाशिकः (abhrāvakāśikaḥ) - seeking shelter under the clouds (i.e., exposed to the rain) (shelter of clouds, dwelling in the open)
- आर्द्रावासाः (ārdrāvāsāḥ) - wearing wet clothes
- तु (tu) - but, and
- हेमन्ते (hemante) - in winter
- क्रमशः (kramaśaḥ) - gradually, successively
- वर्धयन् (vardhayan) - increasing
- तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity, penance
Words meanings and morphology
ग्रीष्मे (grīṣme) - in summer
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of grīṣma
grīṣma - summer, heat
पञ्चतपास्तु (pañcatapāstu) - the five fires
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of pañcatapas
pañcatapas - five fires (an austerity)
compound
Compound type : dvandva (pañca+tapas)
- pañca – five
noun - tapas – austerity, heat, penance
noun (neuter)
Root: tap (class 1)
Note: the 'tu' (tu) is an emphatic particle
स्यात् (syāt) - should be, may be
(verb)
3rd person , active, potential mood (vidhiliṅ) of as
Root Verb
Root 'as' (to be)
Root: as (class 2)
वर्षासु (varṣāsu) - in the rainy season
(noun)
Locative, feminine, plural of varṣā
varṣā - rain, rainy season
अभ्रावकाशिकः (abhrāvakāśikaḥ) - seeking shelter under the clouds (i.e., exposed to the rain) (shelter of clouds, dwelling in the open)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of abhrāvakāśika
abhrāvakāśika - dwelling in the open, under the sky
derived from 'abhra' (cloud) and 'avakāśa' (space)
Compound type : tatpurusha (abhra+avakāśa)
- abhra – cloud
noun (neuter) - avakāśa – space, room, shelter
noun (masculine)
Prefix: ava
Root: kāś (class 1)
आर्द्रावासाः (ārdrāvāsāḥ) - wearing wet clothes
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of ārdrāvāsa
ārdrāvāsa - one who wears wet clothes
compound
Compound type : tatpurusha (ārdrā+vāsa)
- ārdrā – wet, moist
adjective (feminine) - vāsa – clothing, garment
noun (masculine)
Root: vas (class 2)
तु (tu) - but, and
(indeclinable)
हेमन्ते (hemante) - in winter
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of hemanta
hemanta - winter
क्रमशः (kramaśaḥ) - gradually, successively
(indeclinable)
derived from 'krama' (step, order)
वर्धयन् (vardhayan) - increasing
(nominal form)
Nominative, masculine, singular of vardh
vardh - to grow, to increase
Present Participle (active)
Atmanepada verb, root 'vardh' (to grow, increase). Causative form 'vardhayati'
Root: vardh (class 1)
Note: This is likely a present participle in its nominative singular masculine form acting adjectivally or adverbially. It modifies 'one' implicitly.
तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity, penance
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of tapas
tapas - austerity, heat, penance
Root: tap (class 1)
Note: object of 'vardhayan'