मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-6, verse-44
कपालं वृक्षमूलानि कुचेलमसहायता ।
समता चैव सर्वस्मिन्नेतत्मुक्तस्य लक्षणम ॥४४॥
समता चैव सर्वस्मिन्नेतत्मुक्तस्य लक्षणम ॥४४॥
44. kapālaṁ vṛkṣamūlāni kucelamasahāyatā ,
samatā caiva sarvasminnetatmuktasya lakṣaṇam.
samatā caiva sarvasminnetatmuktasya lakṣaṇam.
44.
kapālam vṛkṣamūlāni kucelam asahāyatā samatā
ca eva sarvasminn etat muktasya lakṣaṇam
ca eva sarvasminn etat muktasya lakṣaṇam
44.
A skull (as a begging bowl), the roots of trees (for shelter), tattered clothing, lack of support, and equanimity towards all – these are indeed the characteristics of one liberated (mukta).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- कपालम् (kapālam) - a skull, used as a begging bowl by ascetics (skull, forehead)
- वृक्षमूलानि (vṛkṣamūlāni) - dwelling under the roots or base of trees (roots of trees, base of trees)
- कुचेलम् (kucelam) - wearing ragged or tattered clothes (tattered garment, rags, poverty)
- असहायता (asahāyatā) - being without any external support or assistance (lack of help, helplessness, solitude)
- समता (samatā) - equanimity of mind towards all beings and situations (equanimity, equality, sameness)
- च (ca) - and (connecting equanimity to the preceding qualities) (and)
- एव (eva) - indeed (emphasizing that these are the characteristics) (indeed, truly, certainly)
- सर्वस्मिन्न् (sarvasminn) - in all beings and things (in all, in everything)
- एतत् (etat) - these (qualities) (this)
- मुक्तस्य (muktasya) - of one who is liberated (mukta) from the cycle of birth and death (of the liberated one, of the freed soul)
- लक्षणम् (lakṣaṇam) - characteristics, marks (of a liberated soul) (sign, characteristic, mark, symptom)
Words meanings and morphology
कपालम् (kapālam) - a skull, used as a begging bowl by ascetics (skull, forehead)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of kapāla
kapāla - skull, bowl, saucer
वृक्षमूलानि (vṛkṣamūlāni) - dwelling under the roots or base of trees (roots of trees, base of trees)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, plural of vṛkṣamūla
vṛkṣamūla - root of a tree, base of a tree
compound of vṛkṣa (tree) and mūla (root, base)
Compound type : tatpurusha (vṛkṣa+mūla)
- vṛkṣa – tree
noun (masculine) - mūla – root, base, origin
noun (neuter)
कुचेलम् (kucelam) - wearing ragged or tattered clothes (tattered garment, rags, poverty)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of kucela
kucela - tattered cloth, rag, poverty
असहायता (asahāyatā) - being without any external support or assistance (lack of help, helplessness, solitude)
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of asahāyatā
asahāyatā - lack of support, helplessness
Compound of a- (negation) and sahāyatā (help, support). Sahāyatā is derived from sahāya (helper, companion).
Compound type : avyayibhav (a+sahāyatā)
- a – not
indeclinable
negation prefix - sahāyatā – help, support, companionship
noun (feminine)
Derived from sahāya (helper, companion).
समता (samatā) - equanimity of mind towards all beings and situations (equanimity, equality, sameness)
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of samatā
samatā - equanimity, equality, sameness
Derived from the adjective 'sama' (equal, same) with the abstract noun suffix '-tā'.
च (ca) - and (connecting equanimity to the preceding qualities) (and)
(indeclinable)
एव (eva) - indeed (emphasizing that these are the characteristics) (indeed, truly, certainly)
(indeclinable)
सर्वस्मिन्न् (sarvasminn) - in all beings and things (in all, in everything)
(pronoun)
Locative, masculine, singular of sarva
sarva - all, entire, whole
Note: Sandhi: sarvasmin + etat = sarvasminn etat
एतत् (etat) - these (qualities) (this)
(pronoun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of etad
etad - this (demonstrative pronoun)
Note: Sandhi: sarvasminn + etat = sarvasminn etat
मुक्तस्य (muktasya) - of one who is liberated (mukta) from the cycle of birth and death (of the liberated one, of the freed soul)
(adjective)
Genitive, masculine, singular of mukta
mukta - freed, liberated, released
Past Passive Participle
Derived from the root 'muc' (to release, to free) with the past passive participle suffix 'kta'.
Root: muc (class 6)
लक्षणम् (lakṣaṇam) - characteristics, marks (of a liberated soul) (sign, characteristic, mark, symptom)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of lakṣaṇa
lakṣaṇa - sign, characteristic, mark, indication
Derived from the root 'lakṣ' (to perceive, to mark) with the suffix '-ana'.
Root: lakṣ (class 1)