महाभारतः
mahābhārataḥ
-
book-8, chapter-43, verse-60
निर्मनुष्यान्गजानश्वान्रथांश्चैव धनंजय ।
समाद्रवन्ति पाञ्चाला धार्तराष्ट्रांस्तरस्विनः ॥६०॥
समाद्रवन्ति पाञ्चाला धार्तराष्ट्रांस्तरस्विनः ॥६०॥
60. nirmanuṣyāngajānaśvānrathāṁścaiva dhanaṁjaya ,
samādravanti pāñcālā dhārtarāṣṭrāṁstarasvinaḥ.
samādravanti pāñcālā dhārtarāṣṭrāṁstarasvinaḥ.
60.
nirmanuṣyān gajān aśvān rathān ca eva dhanaṃjaya
samādravanti pāñcālāḥ dhārtarāṣṭrān tarasvinaḥ
samādravanti pāñcālāḥ dhārtarāṣṭrān tarasvinaḥ
60.
dhanaṃjaya,
tarasvinaḥ pāñcālāḥ nirmanuṣyān gajān aśvān rathān ca eva dhārtarāṣṭrān samādravanti
tarasvinaḥ pāñcālāḥ nirmanuṣyān gajān aśvān rathān ca eva dhārtarāṣṭrān samādravanti
60.
O Dhanaṃjaya, the mighty Panchalas are charging towards the Dhārtarāṣṭras, attacking their unmanned elephants, horses, and chariots.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- निर्मनुष्यान् (nirmanuṣyān) - referring to the elephants, horses, and chariots of the Dhārtarāṣṭras (unmanned, devoid of men, without men)
- गजान् (gajān) - elephants
- अश्वान् (aśvān) - horses
- रथान् (rathān) - chariots
- च (ca) - and
- एव (eva) - only, indeed, just, certainly
- धनंजय (dhanaṁjaya) - addressing Arjuna (O conqueror of wealth, O Arjuna)
- समाद्रवन्ति (samādravanti) - The Panchalas are charging in battle. (they rush towards, they attack, they charge)
- पाञ्चालाः (pāñcālāḥ) - The warriors from the Pañcāla kingdom, allies of the Pāṇḍavas. (the Panchalas)
- धार्तराष्ट्रान् (dhārtarāṣṭrān) - The Kaurava warriors. (the sons of Dhritarashtra)
- तरस्विनः (tarasvinaḥ) - describing the Panchala warriors (mighty, powerful, swift)
Words meanings and morphology
निर्मनुष्यान् (nirmanuṣyān) - referring to the elephants, horses, and chariots of the Dhārtarāṣṭras (unmanned, devoid of men, without men)
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, plural of nirmanuṣya
nirmanuṣya - unmanned, devoid of men, without men
Compound (Bahuvrīhi) meaning 'whose men are gone'
Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (nis+manuṣya)
- nis – without, out, free from
indeclinable - manuṣya – man, human being
noun (masculine)
गजान् (gajān) - elephants
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of gaja
gaja - elephant
Root: gaj (class 1)
अश्वान् (aśvān) - horses
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of aśva
aśva - horse
रथान् (rathān) - chariots
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of ratha
ratha - chariot, car
From root ramh- 'to move quickly'
Root: ramh (class 1)
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
एव (eva) - only, indeed, just, certainly
(indeclinable)
धनंजय (dhanaṁjaya) - addressing Arjuna (O conqueror of wealth, O Arjuna)
(proper noun)
Vocative, masculine, singular of dhanaṃjaya
dhanaṁjaya - conqueror of wealth (an epithet for Arjuna)
Compound formed from dhana (wealth) and jaya (victory/conquest). Agent noun.
Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (dhana+jaya)
- dhana – wealth, riches, property
noun (neuter)
Root: dhā (class 3) - jaya – victory, conquest, triumph
noun (masculine)
From root ji 'to conquer'
Root: ji (class 1)
समाद्रवन्ति (samādravanti) - The Panchalas are charging in battle. (they rush towards, they attack, they charge)
(verb)
3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of samādru
present active
Present indicative, 3rd person plural
Prefixes: sam+ā
Root: dru (class 1)
पाञ्चालाः (pāñcālāḥ) - The warriors from the Pañcāla kingdom, allies of the Pāṇḍavas. (the Panchalas)
(proper noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of pāñcāla
pāñcāla - pertaining to the Pañcāla country or people, a king of Pañcāla, a man of Pañcāla
धार्तराष्ट्रान् (dhārtarāṣṭrān) - The Kaurava warriors. (the sons of Dhritarashtra)
(proper noun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of dhārtarāṣṭra
dhārtarāṣṭra - son/descendant of Dhritarashtra, pertaining to Dhritarashtra
Taddhita derivation from Dhritarashtra + aṇ (patronymic affix)
तरस्विनः (tarasvinaḥ) - describing the Panchala warriors (mighty, powerful, swift)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of tarasvin
tarasvin - mighty, powerful, swift, strong
Formed from taras (strength, speed) + -vin (possessive affix)
Root: tṝ (class 1)