महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-43, verse-59

रथेभ्यः प्रपतन्त्येते रथिनो विगतासवः ।
नानावर्णैर्हता बाणैः पाञ्चालैरपलायिभिः ॥५९॥

59. rathebhyaḥ prapatantyete rathino vigatāsavaḥ ,
nānāvarṇairhatā bāṇaiḥ pāñcālairapalāyibhiḥ.

59. rathebhyāḥ prapatanti ete rathinaḥ vigatāsavaḥ
nānāvarṇaiḥ hatāḥ bāṇaiḥ pāñcālaiḥ apalāyibhiḥ

59. ete vigatāsavaḥ rathinaḥ rathebhyāḥ prapatanti
pāñcālaiḥ apalāyibhiḥ nānāvarṇaiḥ bāṇaiḥ hatāḥ

59. These lifeless charioteers fall from their chariots, struck by multi-colored arrows from the unwavering Pāñcālas.

Words meanings summery:

• रथेभ्याः (rathebhyāḥ) - from chariots

• प्रपतन्ति (prapatanti) - fall down, fall forward

• एते (ete) - these

• रथिनः (rathinaḥ) - charioteers, chariot warriors

• विगतासवः (vigatāsavaḥ) - lifeless, dead, whose life is gone

• नानावर्णैः (nānāvarṇaiḥ) - with various colors, multi-colored

• हताः (hatāḥ) - struck, killed, wounded

• बाणैः (bāṇaiḥ) - by arrows

• पाञ्चालैः (pāñcālaiḥ) - by the Pāñcālas

• अपलायिभिः (apalāyibhiḥ) - by the non-fleeing, by the unwavering

Words meanings and morphology

रथेभ्याः (rathebhyāḥ) - from chariots

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, plural of ratha

ratha - chariot, war-chariot

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Denotes source of falling.

प्रपतन्ति (prapatanti) - fall down, fall forward

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of prapat

From root pat (to fall) with upasarga pra.

Prefix: pra

Root: pat (class 1)

एते (ete) - these

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these

Note: Agrees with 'rathinaḥ'.

रथिनः (rathinaḥ) - charioteers, chariot warriors

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rathin

rathin - charioteer, warrior fighting from a chariot

Derived from ratha (chariot) + -in (possessive suffix).

Note: Subject of 'prapatanti'.

विगतासवः (vigatāsavaḥ) - lifeless, dead, whose life is gone

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vigatāsu

vigatāsu - lifeless, dead, whose breath/life has departed

Compound of vigata (departed) and asu (life/breath).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (vigata+asu)

• vigata – departed, gone, removed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From vi-gam (to go away)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: gam (class 1)
• asu – life, breath, vital air
  noun (masculine)
  Root: as (class 2)

नानावर्णैः (nānāvarṇaiḥ) - with various colors, multi-colored

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of nānāvarṇa

nānāvarṇa - of various colors, multi-colored

From nānā (various) + varṇa (color).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (nānā+varṇa)

• nānā – various, diverse
  indeclinable
• varṇa – color, tint, appearance
  noun (masculine)

हताः (hatāḥ) - struck, killed, wounded

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hata

hata - struck, killed, wounded, smitten

Past Passive Participle

From root han (to strike, kill).

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Predicative participle for 'rathinaḥ'.

बाणैः (bāṇaiḥ) - by arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bāṇa

bāṇa - arrow

पाञ्चालैः (pāñcālaiḥ) - by the Pāñcālas

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of pāñcāla

pāñcāla - a native of the Pañcāla country, a member of the Pañcāla tribe/army

Derived from Pañcāla (name of a country/people).

अपलायिभिः (apalāyibhiḥ) - by the non-fleeing, by the unwavering

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of apalāyin

apalāyin - not fleeing, unwavering, steadfast

From a (not) + palāyin (fleeing).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+palāyin)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• palāyin – fleeing, running away
  adjective
  Agent noun/Adjective (from root lāy with prefix palā)
  From palāy (to flee) + -in (agent suffix)
  Prefix: palā
  Root: lāy