महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-43, verse-37

तथा कुरुत संयत्ता वयं यास्याम पृष्ठतः ।
एवमुक्त्वा ययावेष पृष्ठतो विकिरञ्शरैः ॥३७॥

37. tathā kuruta saṁyattā vayaṁ yāsyāma pṛṣṭhataḥ ,
evamuktvā yayāveṣa pṛṣṭhato vikirañśaraiḥ.

37. tathā kuruta saṃyattāḥ vayaṃ yāsyāma pṛṣṭhataḥ
| evam uktvā yayāva eṣa pṛṣṭhataḥ vikiran śaraiḥ

37. saṃyattāḥ,
tathā kuruta vayaṃ pṛṣṭhataḥ yāsyāma evam uktvā eṣa pṛṣṭhataḥ śaraiḥ vikiran yayāva

37. Act thus, being prepared; we shall go to the rear. Having spoken thus, he went to the rear, showering arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

• कुरुत (kuruta) - do, make, act

• संयत्ताः (saṁyattāḥ) - being prepared, ready (as in ready for battle) (prepared, ready, equipped, restrained)

• वयम् (vayam) - we

• यास्याम (yāsyāma) - we shall go

• पृष्ठतः (pṛṣṭhataḥ) - to the rear (indicating position in battle) (from behind, to the rear, on the back)

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

• उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having spoken, having said

• ययाव (yayāva) - he went, he departed

• एष (eṣa) - he (referring to the speaker from the first line) (this one, he)

• पृष्ठतः (pṛṣṭhataḥ) - to the rear (indicating position in battle) (from behind, to the rear, on the back)

• विकिरन् (vikiran) - showering (arrows) (scattering, showering, throwing around)

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

Words meanings and morphology

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

(indeclinable)

कुरुत (kuruta) - do, make, act

(verb)

2nd person , plural, middle, imperative (loṭ) of kṛ

Imperative

From √kṛ (to do), imperative 2nd person plural, middle voice.

Root: √kṛ (class 8)

संयत्ताः (saṁyattāḥ) - being prepared, ready (as in ready for battle) (prepared, ready, equipped, restrained)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of saṃyatta

saṁyatta - prepared, ready, equipped, restrained, self-controlled

Past Passive Participle

From √yam (to restrain, to control) with upasarga saṃ.

Prefix: sam

Root: √yam (class 1)

Note: Functions as a descriptive adjective for the implied 'you' (Kauravas).

वयम् (vayam) - we

(pronoun)

Nominative, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

यास्याम (yāsyāma) - we shall go

(verb)

1st person , plural, active, future (lṛṭ) of yā

Future

From √yā (to go), future tense 1st person plural, active voice.

Root: √yā (class 2)

पृष्ठतः (pṛṣṭhataḥ) - to the rear (indicating position in battle) (from behind, to the rear, on the back)

(indeclinable)

Formed from pṛṣṭha (back) + suffix -tas.

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

(indeclinable)

उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having spoken, having said

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From √vac (to speak) + suffix -ktvā.

Root: √vac (class 2)

ययाव (yayāva) - he went, he departed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of yā

Perfect

From √yā (to go), perfect tense 3rd person singular, active voice.

Root: √yā (class 2)

एष (eṣa) - he (referring to the speaker from the first line) (this one, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of eṣa

eṣa - this, this one, he

Demonstrative pronoun.

पृष्ठतः (pṛṣṭhataḥ) - to the rear (indicating position in battle) (from behind, to the rear, on the back)

(indeclinable)

Formed from pṛṣṭha (back) + suffix -tas.

विकिरन् (vikiran) - showering (arrows) (scattering, showering, throwing around)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vikirant

vikirant - scattering, throwing, strewing

Present Active Participle

From √kṛ (to scatter, to throw) with upasarga vi.

Prefix: vi

Root: √kṛ (class 6)

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow, reed, dart