महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-43, verse-23

न केतुर्दृश्यते राज्ञः कर्णेन निहतः शरैः ।
पश्यतोर्यमयोः पार्थ सात्यकेश्च शिखण्डिनः ॥२३॥

23. na keturdṛśyate rājñaḥ karṇena nihataḥ śaraiḥ ,
paśyatoryamayoḥ pārtha sātyakeśca śikhaṇḍinaḥ.

23. na ketuḥ dṛśyate rājñaḥ karṇena nihataḥ śaraiḥ
paśyatoḥ yamayoḥ pārtha sātyakeḥ ca śikhaṇḍinaḥ

23. pārtha rājñaḥ ketuḥ कर्णेन शरैः nihataḥ (अतः) न दृश्यते
(एतत्) यमयोः सात्यकेः च शिखण्डिनः पश्यतोः (सत्सु) (भवति)

23. O Pārtha (Arjuna), the king's banner is not visible, having been struck down by Karṇa's arrows, even while the two twin brothers (Nākula and Sahadeva), Sātyaki, and Śikhaṇḍin are watching.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - negates the verb 'dṛśyate' (not, no)

• केतुः (ketuḥ) - the battle standard of the king (banner, flag, standard)

• दृश्यते (dṛśyate) - is seen, appears

• राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of Yudhiṣṭhira (of the king)

• कर्णेन (karṇena) - Karṇa is the agent who struck the banner (by Karṇa)

• निहतः (nihataḥ) - the banner was struck down (struck down, killed, destroyed)

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - arrows are the instrument of striking (by arrows)

• पश्यतोः (paśyatoḥ) - while the two twin brothers were watching (while seeing, of the two seeing ones)

• यमयोः (yamayoḥ) - of Nākula and Sahadeva (of the two twins, of the pair)

• पार्थ (pārtha) - vocative address to Arjuna (O son of Pṛthā)

• सात्यकेः (sātyakeḥ) - of Sātyaki

• च (ca) - and, also

• शिखण्डिनः (śikhaṇḍinaḥ) - of Śikhaṇḍin

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - negates the verb 'dṛśyate' (not, no)

(indeclinable)

केतुः (ketuḥ) - the battle standard of the king (banner, flag, standard)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ketu

ketu - banner, flag, ensign; a sign, mark

Root: cit

दृश्यते (dṛśyate) - is seen, appears

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of dṛś

Present Passive

from root dṛś- (to see), present passive form

Root: dṛś (class 1)

राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of Yudhiṣṭhira (of the king)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj

कर्णेन (karṇena) - Karṇa is the agent who struck the banner (by Karṇa)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karṇa (proper name, son of Kuntī and Sūrya)

निहतः (nihataḥ) - the banner was struck down (struck down, killed, destroyed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nihata

nihata - struck down, killed, destroyed, defeated

Past Passive Participle

from root han- (to strike, kill) with ni- prefix

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'ketuḥ'.

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - arrows are the instrument of striking (by arrows)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow

Root: śṛ (class 1)

पश्यतोः (paśyatoḥ) - while the two twin brothers were watching (while seeing, of the two seeing ones)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, dual of paśyat

paśyat - seeing, beholding

Present Active Participle

from root dṛś- (to see), present active participle (irreg. stem paśyat)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: This form is specifically for the two (Yamayoḥ).

यमयोः (yamayoḥ) - of Nākula and Sahadeva (of the two twins, of the pair)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, dual of yama

yama - twin, pair; Yamarāja (god of death)

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'paśyatoḥ'.

पार्थ (pārtha) - vocative address to Arjuna (O son of Pṛthā)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), Arjuna

derived from Pṛthā

सात्यकेः (sātyakeḥ) - of Sātyaki

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of sātyaki

sātyaki - Sātyaki (proper name, a Vṛṣṇi hero and ally of the Pāṇḍavas)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

शिखण्डिनः (śikhaṇḍinaḥ) - of Śikhaṇḍin

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of śikhaṇḍin

śikhaṇḍin - Śikhaṇḍin (proper name, a Pāñcāla warrior, reincarnated Amba)