महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-43, verse-42

असौ निवृत्तो राधेयो दृश्यते वानरध्वज ।
वधाय चात्मनोऽभ्येति दीपस्य शलभो यथा ॥४२॥

42. asau nivṛtto rādheyo dṛśyate vānaradhvaja ,
vadhāya cātmano'bhyeti dīpasya śalabho yathā.

42. asau nivṛttaḥ rādheyaḥ dṛśyate vānaradhvaja
vadhāya ca ātmanaḥ abhyeti dīpasya śalabhaḥ yathā

42. vānaradhvaja,
asau rādheyaḥ nivṛttaḥ dṛśyate.
ca ātmanaḥ vadhāya abhyeti,
yathā dīpasya śalabhaḥ.

42. O Arjuna (vānaradhvaja), that son of Rādhā (Karna) is seen having turned back. He comes for his own destruction (ātman), just as a moth approaches a lamp.

Words meanings summery:

• असौ (asau) - that one, he

• निवृत्तः (nivṛttaḥ) - having turned back (from battle) (turned back, retreated, ceased, returned)

• राधेयः (rādheyaḥ) - son of Rādhā, Karna

• दृश्यते (dṛśyate) - is seen, appears

• वानरध्वज (vānaradhvaja) - O one whose banner bears a monkey (Arjuna)

• वधाय (vadhāya) - for destruction, for killing

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of self, of soul, of himself

• अभ्येति (abhyeti) - approaches, comes near, goes towards

• दीपस्य (dīpasya) - of a lamp, of a light

• शलभः (śalabhaḥ) - moth, grasshopper, locust

• यथा (yathā) - just as, as, like, in which way

Words meanings and morphology

असौ (asau) - that one, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adas

adas - that, this, he, she, it (distal demonstrative pronoun)

निवृत्तः (nivṛttaḥ) - having turned back (from battle) (turned back, retreated, ceased, returned)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nivṛtta

nivṛtta - turned back, retreated, ceased, returned, stopped

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'vṛt' with upasarga 'ni'.

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

राधेयः (rādheyaḥ) - son of Rādhā, Karna

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rādheya

rādheya - son of Rādhā (name of Karna's foster mother), Karna

Derived from 'Rādhā' with suffix 'ḍheya' indicating progeny.

दृश्यते (dṛśyate) - is seen, appears

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (lat) of dṛśyate

Present tense, 3rd person singular, Passive voice, Ātmanepada.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

वानरध्वज (vānaradhvaja) - O one whose banner bears a monkey (Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vānaradhvaja

vānaradhvaja - one whose banner bears a monkey (an epithet for Arjuna)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vānara+dhvaja)

• vānara – monkey
  noun (masculine)
• dhvaja – banner, flag
  noun (masculine)

वधाय (vadhāya) - for destruction, for killing

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of vadha

vadha - destruction, killing, slaughter

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of self, of soul, of himself

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, individual, vital breath

अभ्येति (abhyeti) - approaches, comes near, goes towards

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of abhyeti

Present tense, 3rd person singular, Parasmaipada.

Prefix: abhi

Root: i (class 2)

दीपस्य (dīpasya) - of a lamp, of a light

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dīpa

dīpa - lamp, light, lantern

शलभः (śalabhaḥ) - moth, grasshopper, locust

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śalabha

śalabha - moth, grasshopper, locust

यथा (yathā) - just as, as, like, in which way

(indeclinable)