महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-102, verse-42

वासुदेवस्त्वसंभ्रान्तो धैर्यमास्थाय सात्वतः ।
चोदयामास तानश्वान्वितुन्नान्भीष्मसायकैः ॥४२॥

42. vāsudevastvasaṁbhrānto dhairyamāsthāya sātvataḥ ,
codayāmāsa tānaśvānvitunnānbhīṣmasāyakaiḥ.

42. Vāsudevaḥ tu asaṃbhrāntaḥ dhairyam āsthāya sātvataḥ
codayāmāsa tān aśvān vitunnān bhīṣmasāyakaiḥ

42. tu asaṃbhrāntaḥ sātvataḥ Vāsudevaḥ dhairyam āsthāya
bhīṣmasāyakaiḥ vitunnān tān aśvān codayāmāsa

42. But Vāsudeva (Krishna), the Sātvata, remained unperturbed, and maintaining his resolve, he urged on those horses that had been wounded by Bhīṣma's arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• वासुदेवः (vāsudevaḥ) - Lord Krishna (Vāsudeva (Krishna))

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• असंभ्रान्तः (asaṁbhrāntaḥ) - unperplexed, undisturbed, calm

• धैर्यम् (dhairyam) - resolve (fortitude, courage, firmness)

• आस्थाय (āsthāya) - maintaining (resolve) (having taken, having adopted, resorting to, maintaining)

• सात्वतः (sātvataḥ) - an epithet for Krishna (belonging to the Sātvata clan, a Sātvata)

• चोदयामास (codayāmāsa) - he urged, he impelled

• तान् (tān) - those

• अश्वान् (aśvān) - horses

• वितुन्नान् (vitunnān) - wounded, pierced, struck

• भीष्मसायकैः (bhīṣmasāyakaiḥ) - by Bhīṣma's arrows

Words meanings and morphology

वासुदेवः (vāsudevaḥ) - Lord Krishna (Vāsudeva (Krishna))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of Vāsudeva

Vāsudeva - son of Vasudeva, Krishna

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

असंभ्रान्तः (asaṁbhrāntaḥ) - unperplexed, undisturbed, calm

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of asaṃbhrānta

asaṁbhrānta - unperplexed, undismayed, calm, composed

Past Passive Participle

Negated past passive participle of 'saṃbhram' (to be agitated, confused). a + sam + bhram + kta.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+saṃbhrānta)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• saṃbhrānta – agitated, confused, perplexed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from 'sam-bhram' (to be agitated).
  Prefix: sam
  Root: bhram (class 1)

Note: Agrees with Vāsudevaḥ.

धैर्यम् (dhairyam) - resolve (fortitude, courage, firmness)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhairya

dhairya - firmness, courage, fortitude, patience

Derived from 'dhīra' (firm, resolute).

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of āsthāya.

आस्थाय (āsthāya) - maintaining (resolve) (having taken, having adopted, resorting to, maintaining)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From 'ā' (prefix) + 'sthā' (to stand) + 'lyap' suffix.

Prefix: ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

सात्वतः (sātvataḥ) - an epithet for Krishna (belonging to the Sātvata clan, a Sātvata)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sātvata

sātvata - a descendant of Satvat, belonging to the Sātvata clan (an epithet of Krishna)

Note: Agrees with Vāsudevaḥ.

चोदयामास (codayāmāsa) - he urged, he impelled

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of cudayāmāsa

Perfect Tense (Periphrastic Perfect)

Periphrastic perfect form of the causative of root 'cud' (to incite, impel). Formed with the suffix 'ām' and 'ās' verb.

Root: cud (class 10)

तान् (tān) - those

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with aśvān.

अश्वान् (aśvān) - horses

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of aśva

aśva - horse

Root: aś (class 5)

Note: Object of codayāmāsa.

वितुन्नान् (vitunnān) - wounded, pierced, struck

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vitunna

vitunna - pierced, wounded, pricked, tormented

Past Passive Participle

From 'vi' (prefix) + 'tud' (to strike, pierce) + 'kta' suffix.

Prefix: vi

Root: tud (class 6)

भीष्मसायकैः (bhīṣmasāyakaiḥ) - by Bhīṣma's arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bhīṣmasāyaka

bhīṣmasāyaka - Bhīṣma's arrow

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhīṣma+sāyaka)

• bhīṣma – Bhīṣma (a proper name)
  proper noun (masculine)
• sāyaka – arrow
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from 'ṣi' or 'so' (to sharpen, throw).
  Root: ṣi (class 4)

Note: Agent of vitunnān.