महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-102, verse-31

अयं स कालः संप्राप्तः पार्थ यः काङ्क्षितस्तव ।
प्रहरास्मै नरव्याघ्र न चेन्मोहात्प्रमुह्यसे ॥३१॥

31. ayaṁ sa kālaḥ saṁprāptaḥ pārtha yaḥ kāṅkṣitastava ,
praharāsmai naravyāghra na cenmohātpramuhyase.

31. ayam saḥ kālaḥ samprāptaḥ pārtha yaḥ kāṅkṣitaḥ tava
prahara asmai naravyāghra na cet mohāt pramuhyase

31. pārtha ayam saḥ yaḥ tava kāṅkṣitaḥ kālaḥ samprāptaḥ
naravyāghra asmai prahara na cet mohāt pramuhyase

31. O Pārtha, this is that desired moment of yours which has arrived. O tiger among men, strike at them, if you are not overcome by delusion (moha).

Words meanings summery:

• अयम् (ayam) - this, this one

• सः (saḥ) - that, he

• कालः (kālaḥ) - time, moment, occasion

• सम्प्राप्तः (samprāptaḥ) - arrived, obtained, attained

• पार्थ (pārtha) - O Arjuna (O Pārtha, O son of Pṛthā)

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• काङ्क्षितः (kāṅkṣitaḥ) - desired, longed for

• तव (tava) - your, by you

• प्रहर (prahara) - strike, attack, hit

• अस्मै (asmai) - at the enemy (to him, to this one, at them)

• नरव्याघ्र (naravyāghra) - O Arjuna (vocative epithet) (O tiger among men, O foremost of men)

• न (na) - not, no

• चेत् (cet) - if

• मोहात् (mohāt) - from delusion, from confusion, out of ignorance

• प्रमुह्यसे (pramuhyase) - you become deluded, you are bewildered, you fall into confusion

Words meanings and morphology

अयम् (ayam) - this, this one

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Refers to 'kālaḥ'.

सः (saḥ) - that, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, it, he, she

Note: Refers to 'kālaḥ'.

कालः (kālaḥ) - time, moment, occasion

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, season, period, suitable time

Note: Subject of the sentence.

सम्प्राप्तः (samprāptaḥ) - arrived, obtained, attained

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samprāpta

samprāpta - arrived, reached, obtained, attained

Past Passive Participle

From `sam-pra-` + root `√āp` (to obtain, reach)

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Adjectival participle modifying `kālaḥ`.

पार्थ (pārtha) - O Arjuna (O Pārtha, O son of Pṛthā)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī)

Derived from Pṛthā + `aṇ` suffix.

Note: Addressed to Arjuna.

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Relative pronoun for `kālaḥ`.

काङ्क्षितः (kāṅkṣitaḥ) - desired, longed for

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāṅkṣita

kāṅkṣita - desired, wished, longed for

Past Passive Participle

From root `√kāṅkṣ` (to desire, long for)

Root: kāṅkṣ (class 1)

Note: Adjectival participle modifying `kālaḥ`. The agent 'tava' (by you) is in the genitive case.

तव (tava) - your, by you

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

Note: Agent of `kāṅkṣitaḥ`.

प्रहर (prahara) - strike, attack, hit

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (Lot) of √hṛ

root

Prefix: pra

Root: hṛ (class 1)

अस्मै (asmai) - at the enemy (to him, to this one, at them)

(pronoun)

Dative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Refers to the opponent/enemy.

नरव्याघ्र (naravyāghra) - O Arjuna (vocative epithet) (O tiger among men, O foremost of men)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of naravyāghra

naravyāghra - tiger among men, foremost of men, excellent man

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (nara+vyāghra)

• nara – man, person
  noun (masculine)
• vyāghra – tiger
  noun (masculine)

Note: Addressed to Arjuna.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negative particle.

चेत् (cet) - if

(indeclinable)

Note: Forms a conditional clause with `na`.

मोहात् (mohāt) - from delusion, from confusion, out of ignorance

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of moha

moha - delusion (moha), confusion, infatuation, ignorance, bewilderment

From root `√muh` (to be bewildered, confused)

Root: muh (class 4)

Note: Indicates cause or origin.

प्रमुह्यसे (pramuhyase) - you become deluded, you are bewildered, you fall into confusion

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (Lat) of √muh

root

Prefix: pra

Root: muh (class 4)