महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-102, verse-17

चेदिकाशिकरूषाणां सहस्राणि चतुर्दश ।
महारथाः समाख्याताः कुलपुत्रास्तनुत्यजः ।
अपरावर्तिनः सर्वे सुवर्णविकृतध्वजाः ॥१७॥

17. cedikāśikarūṣāṇāṁ sahasrāṇi caturdaśa ,
mahārathāḥ samākhyātāḥ kulaputrāstanutyajaḥ ,
aparāvartinaḥ sarve suvarṇavikṛtadhvajāḥ.

17. chedikāśikarūṣāṇām sahasrāṇi
caturdaśa mahārathāḥ samākhyātāḥ
kulaputrāḥ tanutyajaḥ aparāvartinaḥ
sarve suvarṇavikṛtadhvajāḥ

17. chedikāśikarūṣāṇām caturdaśa
sahasrāṇi mahārathāḥ samākhyātāḥ
kulaputrāḥ tanutyajaḥ sarve
aparāvartinaḥ suvarṇavikṛtadhvajāḥ

17. Fourteen thousand great charioteers (mahārathāḥ) from the Chedi, Kāśi, and Karūṣa kingdoms, renowned noble sons (kulaputrāḥ) who were prepared to sacrifice their lives, all unyielding and bearing banners adorned with gold.

Words meanings summery:

• छेदिकाशिकरूषाणाम् (chedikāśikarūṣāṇām) - of the Chedis, Kāśis, and Karūṣas

• सहस्राणि (sahasrāṇi) - thousands

• चतुर्दश (caturdaśa) - fourteen

• महारथाः (mahārathāḥ) - great charioteers, mighty warriors

• समाख्याताः (samākhyātāḥ) - renowned, celebrated, declared, known as

• कुलपुत्राः (kulaputrāḥ) - sons of good families, noble sons

• तनुत्यजः (tanutyajaḥ) - abandoning their bodies, sacrificing their lives

• अपरावर्तिनः (aparāvartinaḥ) - non-retreating, not turning back, unyielding

• सर्वे (sarve) - all, everyone

• सुवर्णविकृतध्वजाः (suvarṇavikṛtadhvajāḥ) - with flags adorned with gold, having gold-decorated banners

Words meanings and morphology

छेदिकाशिकरूषाणाम् (chedikāśikarūṣāṇām) - of the Chedis, Kāśis, and Karūṣas

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of chedikāśikarūṣa

chedikāśikarūṣa - people/kingdoms of Chedi, Kāśi, and Karūṣa

Compound type : dvandva (cedi+kāśi+karūṣa)

• cedi – name of an ancient kingdom and its people
  proper noun (masculine)
• kāśi – name of an ancient kingdom and its people, associated with Varanasi
  proper noun (masculine)
• karūṣa – name of an ancient kingdom and its people
  proper noun (masculine)

Note: Compound referring to the people of these kingdoms.

सहस्राणि (sahasrāṇi) - thousands

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of sahasra

sahasra - thousand

चतुर्दश (caturdaśa) - fourteen

(numeral)

Note: Adjectival use with sahasrāṇi.

महारथाः (mahārathāḥ) - great charioteers, mighty warriors

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahāratha

mahāratha - great charioteer, mighty warrior, a warrior capable of fighting 10,000 archers

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• ratha – chariot, a warrior fighting from a chariot
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of the sentence, implied verb 'were'.

समाख्याताः (samākhyātāḥ) - renowned, celebrated, declared, known as

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of samākhyāta

samākhyāta - renowned, celebrated, declared, known

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root khyā (to tell, to be called) with prefix sam-ā

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: khyā (class 2)

Note: Agrees with mahārathāḥ, describes them as renowned.

कुलपुत्राः (kulaputrāḥ) - sons of good families, noble sons

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kulaputra

kulaputra - son of a good family, noble son

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kula+putra)

• kula – family, lineage, race
  noun (neuter)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

Note: Further description of the mahārathāḥ.

तनुत्यजः (tanutyajaḥ) - abandoning their bodies, sacrificing their lives

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tanutyaj

tanutyaj - one who abandons or sacrifices their body/life

Compound ending in an agent noun derived from root tyaj (to abandon)

Compound type : upapada (tanu+tyaj)

• tanu – body, self
  noun (feminine)
• tyaj – abandon, leave, give up
  root
  agent noun forming part
  Derived from root tyaj 'to abandon' (1P)
  Root: tyaj (class 1)

Note: Describes the kulaputrāḥ.

अपरावर्तिनः (aparāvartinaḥ) - non-retreating, not turning back, unyielding

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of aparāvartin

aparāvartin - not turning back, not retreating, unyielding, steadfast

agent noun derived from root vṛt (to turn) with prefix parā- and negative prefix a-

Derived from root vṛt with prefix parā and negative prefix a- forming an agent noun (n-stem).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+parāvartin)

• a – not, un-, non-
  indeclinable
• parāvartin – one who turns back, retreating
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun
  Derived from root vṛt with prefix parā.
  Prefix: parā
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Describes the warriors.

सर्वे (sarve) - all, everyone

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, whole, every

Note: Refers to all the mentioned warriors.

सुवर्णविकृतध्वजाः (suvarṇavikṛtadhvajāḥ) - with flags adorned with gold, having gold-decorated banners

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of suvarṇavikṛtadhvaja

suvarṇavikṛtadhvaja - having banners decorated with gold

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (suvarṇa+vikṛta+dhvaja)

• suvarṇa – gold
  noun (neuter)
• vikṛta – decorated, changed, transformed, adorned
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root kṛ (to do, make) with prefix vi-.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• dhvaja – banner, flag
  noun (masculine)

Note: Describes the warriors as having such banners.