महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-102, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
ततः पिता तव क्रुद्धो निशितैः सायकोत्तमैः ।
आजघान रणे पार्थान्सहसेनान्समन्ततः ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
tataḥ pitā tava kruddho niśitaiḥ sāyakottamaiḥ ,
ājaghāna raṇe pārthānsahasenānsamantataḥ.

1. sañjayaḥ uvāca | tataḥ pitā tava kruddhaḥ niśitaiḥ
sāyaka-uttamaiḥ | ājaghāna raṇe pārthān saha-senān samantataḥ

1. sañjayaḥ uvāca tataḥ tava pitā kruddhaḥ niśitaiḥ
sāyaka-uttamaiḥ raṇe saha-senān pārthān samantataḥ ājaghāna

1. Sañjaya said: Then your enraged father, using excellent sharp arrows, attacked the Pārthas (sons of Pṛthā/Kuntī) along with their armies from all sides in battle.

Words meanings summery:

• सञ्जयः (sañjayaḥ) - Sañjaya, the charioteer and narrator of the Mahābhārata to Dhṛtarāṣṭra (Sañjaya)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

• पिता (pitā) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra's father, i.e., Bhīṣma (father)

• तव (tava) - referring to Dhṛtarāṣṭra (your, of you)

• क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - enraged, angry, furious

• निशितैः (niśitaiḥ) - with sharp, sharpened

• सायक-उत्तमैः (sāyaka-uttamaiḥ) - with excellent arrows

• आजघान (ājaghāna) - attacked, struck, hit

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in war

• पार्थान् (pārthān) - the five Pāṇḍava brothers (Yudhiṣṭhira, Bhīma, Arjuna, Nakula, Sahadeva) (the Pārthas, sons of Pṛthā)

• सह-सेनान् (saha-senān) - with their armies

• समन्ततः (samantataḥ) - from all sides, all around, completely

Words meanings and morphology

सञ्जयः (sañjayaḥ) - Sañjaya, the charioteer and narrator of the Mahābhārata to Dhṛtarāṣṭra (Sañjaya)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sañjaya

sañjaya - Sañjaya (name of Vyāsa's disciple and Dhṛtarāṣṭra's charioteer); victorious

Prefix: sam

Root: ji (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

(indeclinable)

पिता (pitā) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra's father, i.e., Bhīṣma (father)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father, ancestor

तव (tava) - referring to Dhṛtarāṣṭra (your, of you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - enraged, angry, furious

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kruddha

kruddha - enraged, angry, offended

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'krudh' (to be angry) + suffix 'kta'

Root: krudh (class 4)

निशितैः (niśitaiḥ) - with sharp, sharpened

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of niśita

niśita - sharp, whetted, sharpened

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'śo' (to sharpen) with prefix 'ni'

Prefix: ni

Root: śo (class 4)

सायक-उत्तमैः (sāyaka-uttamaiḥ) - with excellent arrows

(compound noun)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sāyaka+uttama)

• sāyaka – arrow
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'si' (to bind, cast) with suffix 'aka'
  Root: si (class 4)
• uttama – best, excellent, highest
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative degree of 'ud'
  Prefix: ud
  Root: tam

आजघान (ājaghāna) - attacked, struck, hit

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of han

Prefix: ā

Root: han (class 2)

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, fight, war

Root: raṇ (class 1)

पार्थान् (pārthān) - the five Pāṇḍava brothers (Yudhiṣṭhira, Bhīma, Arjuna, Nakula, Sahadeva) (the Pārthas, sons of Pṛthā)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī); a name for Arjuna, or collectively the Pāṇḍavas

Derived from 'pṛthā' with 'aṇ' suffix, meaning 'descendant of Pṛthā'

सह-सेनान् (saha-senān) - with their armies

(compound adjective)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (saha+senā)

• saha – with, together with
  indeclinable
• senā – army, host, force
  noun (feminine)

समन्ततः (samantataḥ) - from all sides, all around, completely

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'samanta' (all around) with suffix 'tas'