महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-102, verse-12

अपातयद्ध्वजांश्चैव रथिनश्च शितैः शरैः ।
मुण्डतालवनानीव चकार स रथव्रजान् ॥१२॥

12. apātayaddhvajāṁścaiva rathinaśca śitaiḥ śaraiḥ ,
muṇḍatālavanānīva cakāra sa rathavrajān.

12. apātayat dhvajān ca eva rathinaḥ ca śitaiḥ śaraiḥ
muṇḍatālavanāni iva cakāra saḥ rathavrajān

12. (saḥ) śitaiḥ śaraiḥ dhvajān ca rathinaḥ ca eva apātayat.
saḥ rathavrajān muṇḍatālavanāni iva cakāra.

12. With his sharp arrows, he felled both standards and charioteers. He rendered the formations of chariots like groves of headless palm trees.

Words meanings summery:

• अपातयत् (apātayat) - he caused to fall, he felled

• ध्वजान् (dhvajān) - banners, standards

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - indeed, just, also

• रथिनः (rathinaḥ) - charioteers

• च (ca) - and

• शितैः (śitaiḥ) - with sharp, with whetted

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

• मुण्डतालवनानि (muṇḍatālavanāni) - groves of headless palms

• इव (iva) - like, as if

• चकार (cakāra) - he made, he did

• सः (saḥ) - he

• रथव्रजान् (rathavrajān) - throngs of chariots, formations of chariots

Words meanings and morphology

अपातयत् (apātayat) - he caused to fall, he felled

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of pat

Imperfect Tense (Laṅ) - Causative

Causative form of root pat (pātay) in imperfect tense 3rd person singular

Root: pat (class 1)

ध्वजान् (dhvajān) - banners, standards

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of dhvaja

dhvaja - banner, standard, flag

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, just, also

(indeclinable)

रथिनः (rathinaḥ) - charioteers

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of rathin

rathin - charioteer, warrior in a chariot

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

शितैः (śitaiḥ) - with sharp, with whetted

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śita

śita - sharp, whetted, keen

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root śo/śā 'to sharpen'

Root: śo (class 4)

Note: Agrees with śaraiḥ

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow

मुण्डतालवनानि (muṇḍatālavanāni) - groves of headless palms

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of muṇḍatālavana

muṇḍatālavana - grove of headless palms

Compound type : tatpurusha (muṇḍa+tāla+vana)

• muṇḍa – headless, bald, shaven
  adjective (masculine)
• tāla – palm tree
  noun (masculine)
• vana – forest, grove
  noun (neuter)

इव (iva) - like, as if

(indeclinable)

चकार (cakāra) - he made, he did

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of kṛ

Perfect Tense (Liṭ)

Root kṛ in perfect tense 3rd person singular

Root: kṛ (class 8)

सः (saḥ) - he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

रथव्रजान् (rathavrajān) - throngs of chariots, formations of chariots

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of rathavraja

rathavraja - multitude of chariots, throng of chariots

Compound type : tatpurusha (ratha+vraja)

• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• vraja – herd, flock, multitude, throng
  noun (masculine)