महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-102, verse-29

तद्गोकुलमिवोद्भ्रान्तमुद्भ्रान्तरथकुञ्जरम् ।
ददृशे पाण्डुपुत्रस्य सैन्यमार्तस्वरं तदा ॥२९॥

29. tadgokulamivodbhrāntamudbhrāntarathakuñjaram ,
dadṛśe pāṇḍuputrasya sainyamārtasvaraṁ tadā.

29. tat gokulam iva udbhrāntam udbhrāntarathakuñjaram
dadṛśe pāṇḍuputrasya sainyam ārtasvaram tadā

29. tadā pāṇḍuputrasya tat sainyam gokulam iva
udbhrāntam udbhrāntarathakuñjaram ārtasvaram dadṛśe

29. Then, the army of Pāṇḍu's son (Arjuna) was seen, agitated like a herd of cattle, with its chariots and elephants in disarray, and uttering cries of distress.

Words meanings summery:

• तत् (tat) - that (specific) (that, that one)

• गोकुलम् (gokulam) - cow-pen, herd of cattle

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• उद्भ्रान्तम् (udbhrāntam) - agitated, confused, bewildered, disturbed

• उद्भ्रान्तरथकुञ्जरम् (udbhrāntarathakuñjaram) - with agitated chariots and elephants, having chariots and elephants in disarray

• ददृशे (dadṛśe) - was seen

• पाण्डुपुत्रस्य (pāṇḍuputrasya) - of Arjuna (of the son of Pāṇḍu)

• सैन्यम् (sainyam) - army, host, military force

• आर्तस्वरम् (ārtasvaram) - with cries of distress, having painful sounds/cries

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

Words meanings and morphology

तत् (tat) - that (specific) (that, that one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it, this

Note: Refers to 'sainyam' (army).

गोकुलम् (gokulam) - cow-pen, herd of cattle

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of gokula

gokula - herd of cattle, cow-pen, district inhabited by cowherds

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

उद्भ्रान्तम् (udbhrāntam) - agitated, confused, bewildered, disturbed

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of udbhrānta

udbhrānta - agitated, confused, bewildered, disturbed, turned aside

Past Passive Participle

From `ud-` + root `√bhram` (to wander, move about)

Prefix: ud

Root: bhram (class 1)

Note: Adjectival participle modifying 'sainyam'.

उद्भ्रान्तरथकुञ्जरम् (udbhrāntarathakuñjaram) - with agitated chariots and elephants, having chariots and elephants in disarray

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of udbhrāntarathakuñjara

udbhrāntarathakuñjara - having agitated chariots and elephants

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (udbhrānta+ratha+kuñjara)

• udbhrānta – agitated, confused, bewildered
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From `ud-` + root `√bhram`
  Prefix: ud
  Root: bhram (class 1)
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• kuñjara – elephant
  noun (masculine)

Note: Bahuvrīhi compound, modifying 'sainyam'.

ददृशे (dadṛśe) - was seen

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, Past Perfect (Lit) (Lit) of √dṛś

root

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: The active form would be `dadarśa`.

पाण्डुपुत्रस्य (pāṇḍuputrasya) - of Arjuna (of the son of Pāṇḍu)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of pāṇḍuputra

pāṇḍuputra - son of Pāṇḍu

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (pāṇḍu+putra)

• pāṇḍu – Pāṇḍu (name of a king)
  proper noun (masculine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Arjuna.

सैन्यम् (sainyam) - army, host, military force

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sainya

sainya - army, military, host, troops

Derived from `senā` (army) + `-ya` suffix.

Note: Subject of `dadṛśe`.

आर्तस्वरम् (ārtasvaram) - with cries of distress, having painful sounds/cries

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ārtasvara

ārtasvara - making a cry of pain, lamenting

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (ārta+svara)

• ārta – distressed, afflicted, hurt
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root `√ṛ` (to go, move) with prefix `ā-` meaning to suffer, afflicted.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: ṛ (class 3)
• svara – sound, voice, tone
  noun (masculine)

Note: Adjective modifying 'sainyam'.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Note: Temporal adverb.