महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-221, verse-58

यदा रुद्ररथं क्रुद्धो महिषः सहसा गतः ।
रेसतू रोदसी गाढं मुमुहुश्च महर्षयः ॥५८॥

58. yadā rudrarathaṁ kruddho mahiṣaḥ sahasā gataḥ ,
resatū rodasī gāḍhaṁ mumuhuśca maharṣayaḥ.

58. yadā rudrarathaṃ kruddhaḥ mahiṣaḥ sahasā gataḥ
resatū rodasī gāḍhaṃ mumuhuḥ ca maharṣayaḥ

58. When the enraged buffalo (demon) suddenly went to Rudra's chariot, heaven and earth trembled greatly, and the great sages were bewildered.

Words meanings summery:

• यदा (yadā) - when (when, at which time)

• रुद्ररथं (rudrarathaṁ) - to Rudra's chariot

• क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - enraged (enraged, angry, furious)

• महिषः (mahiṣaḥ) - the buffalo demon (buffalo, a great powerful man, a demon)

• सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly (suddenly, forcibly, with violence)

• गतः (gataḥ) - went (gone, went, reached)

• रेसतू (resatū) - they trembled (heaven and earth) (they roared, they trembled, they shook)

• रोदसी (rodasī) - heaven and earth (heaven and earth, sky and earth)

• गाढं (gāḍhaṁ) - greatly (intensely, greatly, firmly, tightly)

• मुमुहुः (mumuhuḥ) - were bewildered (they were bewildered, deluded, confused)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• महर्षयः (maharṣayaḥ) - the great sages (great sages, venerable seers)

Words meanings and morphology

यदा (yadā) - when (when, at which time)

(indeclinable)

From yad (which) + suffix -dā

Note: Temporal conjunction.

रुद्ररथं (rudrarathaṁ) - to Rudra's chariot

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rudraratha

rudraratha - Rudra's chariot

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rudra+ratha)

• rudra – a name of Śiva, roarer
  proper noun (masculine)
  Root: rud (class 2)
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ramh

Note: Destination of motion for gataḥ.

क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - enraged (enraged, angry, furious)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kruddha

kruddha - enraged, angry, furious

Past Passive Participle

From root √krudh (to be angry) + -ta suffix

Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Qualifies mahiṣaḥ.

महिषः (mahiṣaḥ) - the buffalo demon (buffalo, a great powerful man, a demon)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahiṣa

mahiṣa - buffalo, a powerful man, a demon

Root: mah

Note: Subject of gataḥ.

सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly (suddenly, forcibly, with violence)

(indeclinable)

Instrumental singular of sahas (force) used adverbially

Note: Adverb modifying gataḥ.

गतः (gataḥ) - went (gone, went, reached)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, went, reached

Past Passive Participle

From root √gam (to go) + -ta suffix

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies mahiṣaḥ and indicates action.

रेसतू (resatū) - they trembled (heaven and earth) (they roared, they trembled, they shook)

(verb)

3rd person , dual, active, perfect (liṭ) of res

Perfect Active

3rd person dual, Perfect Active, from √res

Root: res (class 1)

Note: Subject is rodasī.

रोदसी (rodasī) - heaven and earth (heaven and earth, sky and earth)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, dual of rodasī

rodasī - heaven and earth, sky and earth (dual)

Dual form of rodas, referring to Dyaus and Pṛthvī

Note: Subject of resatū.

गाढं (gāḍhaṁ) - greatly (intensely, greatly, firmly, tightly)

(indeclinable)

Past Passive Participle (adverbial use)

From root √gāh (to plunge) + -ta suffix

Root: gāh (class 1)

Note: Adverb modifying resatū and mumuhuḥ.

मुमुहुः (mumuhuḥ) - were bewildered (they were bewildered, deluded, confused)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of muh

Perfect Active

3rd person plural, Perfect Active, from √muh

Root: muh (class 4)

Note: Subject is maharṣayaḥ.

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

महर्षयः (maharṣayaḥ) - the great sages (great sages, venerable seers)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of maharṣi

maharṣi - great sage, venerable seer

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahat+ṛṣi)

• mahat – great, large
  adjective
• ṛṣi – sage, seer
  noun (masculine)
  From root √dṛś (to see), with ṛ vocalization and i-suffix
  Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Subject of mumuhuḥ.