महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-221, verse-19

शक्रश्च पृष्ठतस्तस्य याति राजञ्श्रिया वृतः ।
सह राजर्षिभिः सर्वैः स्तुवानो वृषकेतनम् ॥१९॥

19. śakraśca pṛṣṭhatastasya yāti rājañśriyā vṛtaḥ ,
saha rājarṣibhiḥ sarvaiḥ stuvāno vṛṣaketanam.

19. śakraḥ ca pṛṣṭhataḥ tasya yāti rājan śriyā vṛtaḥ
saha rājarṣibhiḥ sarvaiḥ stuvānaḥ vṛṣaketanam

19. And Indra, O King, followed behind him, endowed with splendor, accompanied by all the royal sages, praising Vṛṣaketana (Shiva).

Words meanings summery:

• शक्रः (śakraḥ) - Indra

• च (ca) - and

• पृष्ठतः (pṛṣṭhataḥ) - from behind, behind

• तस्य (tasya) - his, of him

• याति (yāti) - goes, follows

• राजन् (rājan) - O king

• श्रिया (śriyā) - with splendor, with glory

• वृतः (vṛtaḥ) - surrounded, covered, endowed

• सह (saha) - with, together with

• राजर्षिभिः (rājarṣibhiḥ) - with royal sages

• सर्वैः (sarvaiḥ) - with all

• स्तुवानः (stuvānaḥ) - praising, extolling

• वृषकेतनम् (vṛṣaketanam) - to Vṛṣaketana (Shiva, whose banner is a bull)

Words meanings and morphology

शक्रः (śakraḥ) - Indra

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śakra

śakra - Indra (king of the gods), mighty, powerful

Root: śak (class 5)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

पृष्ठतः (pṛṣṭhataḥ) - from behind, behind

(indeclinable)

तस्य (tasya) - his, of him

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he/she/it

Note: Refers to Rudra/Shiva from the previous verse.

याति (yāti) - goes, follows

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of yā

Root: yā (class 2)

राजन् (rājan) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

श्रिया (śriyā) - with splendor, with glory

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of śrī

śrī - splendor, glory, prosperity, wealth, beauty

वृतः (vṛtaḥ) - surrounded, covered, endowed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛta

vṛta - covered, surrounded, chosen, endowed (past passive participle)

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'vṛ' (to cover, to choose)

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Agrees with 'śakraḥ'

सह (saha) - with, together with

(indeclinable)

राजर्षिभिः (rājarṣibhiḥ) - with royal sages

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of rājarṣi

rājarṣi - royal sage (a king who is also a sage)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (rājan+ṛṣi)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)
• ṛṣi – sage, seer
  noun (masculine)

सर्वैः (sarvaiḥ) - with all

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Agrees with 'rājarṣibhiḥ'

स्तुवानः (stuvānaḥ) - praising, extolling

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of stuvāna

stuvāna - praising, extolling (present middle participle)

Present Middle Participle

Derived from root 'stu' (to praise)

Root: stu (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'śakraḥ'

वृषकेतनम् (vṛṣaketanam) - to Vṛṣaketana (Shiva, whose banner is a bull)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vṛṣaketana

vṛṣaketana - having a bull on his banner (an epithet of Shiva)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vṛṣa+ketana)

• vṛṣa – bull, male, best
  noun (masculine)
• ketana – banner, flag, sign
  noun (neuter)
  Root: cit (class 1)