महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-221, verse-39

अथ तद्विद्रुतं सैन्यं दृष्ट्वा देवः पुरंदरः ।
आश्वासयन्नुवाचेदं बलवद्दानवार्दितम् ॥३९॥

39. atha tadvidrutaṁ sainyaṁ dṛṣṭvā devaḥ puraṁdaraḥ ,
āśvāsayannuvācedaṁ balavaddānavārditam.

39. atha tat vidrutam sainyam dṛṣṭvā devaḥ purandaraḥ
āśvāsayat uvāca idam balavat dānavārditam

39. Then, having seen that army scattered and severely afflicted by the demons (dānavas), the god Purandara (Indra), while comforting them, said this.

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now

• तत् (tat) - that (fled) (that, it)

• विद्रुतम् (vidrutam) - scattered, routed, fled, dispersed

• सैन्यम् (sainyam) - army, host, military force

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

• देवः (devaḥ) - god, divine being

• पुरन्दरः (purandaraḥ) - Purandara (the specific god Indra) (Purandara (Indra), destroyer of cities)

• आश्वासयत् (āśvāsayat) - comforting, reassuring

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• इदम् (idam) - this, this statement

• बलवत् (balavat) - strongly, powerfully, severely

• दानवार्दितम् (dānavārditam) - afflicted by demons

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now

(indeclinable)

Particle indicating beginning or transition.

तत् (tat) - that (fled) (that, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Refers to 'sainyam'.

विद्रुतम् (vidrutam) - scattered, routed, fled, dispersed

(participle)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vidruta

vidruta - scattered, routed, fled

Past Passive Participle

derived from root √dru (to run) with prefix 'vi-'

Prefix: vi

Root: dru (class 1)

सैन्यम् (sainyam) - army, host, military force

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sainya

sainya - army, host, military force

Derived from 'senā' (army).

Note: Object of 'dṛṣṭvā'.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

derived from root √dṛś (to see)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

देवः (devaḥ) - god, divine being

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of deva

deva - god, deity, divine

Root: div (class 4)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

पुरन्दरः (purandaraḥ) - Purandara (the specific god Indra) (Purandara (Indra), destroyer of cities)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of purandara

purandara - destroyer of cities, epithet of Indra

Compound of 'pura' (city) and 'dara' (breaking, tearing, from √dṛ).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pura+dara)

• pura – city, fortress
  noun (neuter)
• dara – breaking, tearing, splitting
  noun (masculine)
  derived from root √dṛ (to tear, to burst)
  Root: dṛ (class 1)

Note: Apposition to 'devaḥ'.

आश्वासयत् (āśvāsayat) - comforting, reassuring

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āśvāsayat

āśvāsayat - comforting, reassuring

present active participle (causative)

derived from causative of root √śvas (to breathe, to be confident) with prefix 'ā-'

Prefix: ā

Root: śvas (class 2)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

perfect active

3rd person singular perfect active

Root: vac (class 2)

इदम् (idam) - this, this statement

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this (referring to what follows)

Demonstrative pronoun.

बलवत् (balavat) - strongly, powerfully, severely

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of balavat

balavat - strong, powerful, mighty; strongly, severely (as adverb)

Noun 'bala' (strength) + suffix '-vat'. Can function as adjective or adverb.

Note: First part of the compound 'balavaddānavārditam'.

दानवार्दितम् (dānavārditam) - afflicted by demons

(participle)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dānavārdita

dānavārdita - afflicted by dānavas (demons)

Past Passive Participle (compound)

Tatpuruṣa compound: 'dānava' (demon) + 'ardita' (afflicted, past passive participle of √ard).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dānava+ardita)

• dānava – a descendant of Danu, demon
  noun (masculine)
• ardita – afflicted, tormented, oppressed
  participle (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  derived from root √ard (to torment, to afflict)
  Root: ard (class 1)

Note: Acts as an adjective for 'sainyam'. Combined with 'balavat' to form 'balavaddānavārditam'.