महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-221, verse-56

तमापतन्तं महिषं दृष्ट्वा सेन्द्रा दिवौकसः ।
व्यद्रवन्त रणे भीता विशीर्णायुधकेतनाः ॥५६॥

56. tamāpatantaṁ mahiṣaṁ dṛṣṭvā sendrā divaukasaḥ ,
vyadravanta raṇe bhītā viśīrṇāyudhaketanāḥ.

56. tam āpatantaṃ mahiṣaṃ dṛṣṭvā sa-indrāḥ divaukasaḥ
vyadravanta raṇe bhītāḥ viśīrṇāyudhakeṭanāḥ

56. Upon seeing that Mahiṣa charging, the gods, with Indra among them, fled from the battle in fear, their weapons and banners shattered.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - that

• आपतन्तं (āpatantaṁ) - approaching, charging

• महिषं (mahiṣaṁ) - Mahiṣa

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• स-इन्द्राः (sa-indrāḥ) - with Indra, including Indra

• दिवौकसः (divaukasaḥ) - the gods (sky-dwellers)

• व्यद्रवन्त (vyadravanta) - they fled, ran away

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle

• भीताः (bhītāḥ) - frightened, terrified

• विशीर्णायुधकेटनाः (viśīrṇāyudhakeṭanāḥ) - with shattered weapons and banners

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, those

आपतन्तं (āpatantaṁ) - approaching, charging

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āpatat

āpatat - approaching, charging, falling upon

Present Active Participle

Formed from root pat with upasarga ā-, and suffix -at

Prefix: ā

Root: pat (class 1)

महिषं (mahiṣaṁ) - Mahiṣa

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahiṣa

mahiṣa - buffalo, a proper name (Mahiṣa)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

Formed from root dṛś with suffix -tvā

Root: dṛś (class 1)

स-इन्द्राः (sa-indrāḥ) - with Indra, including Indra

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sa-indra

sa-indra - accompanied by Indra, with Indra

Compound type : Bahuvrihi (sa+indra)

• sa – with, accompanied by
  indeclinable
• indra – Indra (king of gods)
  proper noun (masculine)

दिवौकसः (divaukasaḥ) - the gods (sky-dwellers)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of divaukas

divaukas - sky-dweller, god

Compound type : Aluk-tatpurusha (div+okas)

• div – sky, heaven
  noun (feminine)
• okas – dwelling, home
  noun (neuter)

व्यद्रवन्त (vyadravanta) - they fled, ran away

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, Past Imperfect (laṅ) of dru

Prefix: vi

Root: dru (class 1)

रणे (raṇe) - in battle

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war

भीताः (bhītāḥ) - frightened, terrified

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhīta

bhīta - frightened, terrified

Past Passive Participle

Formed from root bhī with suffix -ta

Root: bhī (class 3)

विशीर्णायुधकेटनाः (viśīrṇāyudhakeṭanāḥ) - with shattered weapons and banners

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of viśīrṇāyudhakeṭana

viśīrṇāyudhakeṭana - whose weapons and banners are shattered

Compound type : Bahuvrihi (viśīrṇa+āyudha+ketana)

• viśīrṇa – shattered, broken, destroyed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Formed from root śṝ with upasarga vi-
  Prefix: vi
  Root: śṝ (class 9)
• āyudha – weapon
  noun (neuter)
• ketana – banner, flag, sign
  noun (neuter)