महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-221, verse-38

ते विभिन्नशिरोदेहाः प्रच्यवन्ते दिवौकसः ।
न नाथमध्यगच्छन्त वध्यमाना महारणे ॥३८॥

38. te vibhinnaśirodehāḥ pracyavante divaukasaḥ ,
na nāthamadhyagacchanta vadhyamānā mahāraṇe.

38. te vibhinnaśirodehāḥ pracyavante divaukasaḥ
na nātham adhyagacchan vadhyamānāḥ mahāraṇe

38. Those gods (divaukasaḥ), whose heads and bodies were severed, were falling. Being slaughtered in the great battle, they did not find a protector (nātha).

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - they, those

• विभिन्नशिरोदेहाः (vibhinnaśirodehāḥ) - with severed heads and bodies, whose heads and bodies are broken

• प्रच्यवन्ते (pracyavante) - they are falling, they are dropping, they are perishing

• दिवौकसः (divaukasaḥ) - gods, dwellers of heaven

• न (na) - not, no

• नाथम् (nātham) - a protector, a lord, a master

• अध्यगच्छन् (adhyagacchan) - they found, they resorted to, they approached

• वध्यमानाः (vadhyamānāḥ) - being killed, being slaughtered

• महारणे (mahāraṇe) - in the great battle, in the great war

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - they, those

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Agrees with 'divaukasaḥ'.

विभिन्नशिरोदेहाः (vibhinnaśirodehāḥ) - with severed heads and bodies, whose heads and bodies are broken

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vibhinnaśirodeha

vibhinnaśirodeha - with severed heads and bodies

Bahuvrīhi compound: 'vibhinna' (severed) + 'śiras' (head) + 'deha' (body).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vibhinna+śiras+deha)

• vibhinna – severed, broken, pierced
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  derived from root √bhid (to break, to cleave) with prefix 'vi-'
  Prefix: vi
  Root: bhid (class 7)
• śiras – head
  noun (neuter)
• deha – body, form
  noun (masculine)

प्रच्यवन्ते (pracyavante) - they are falling, they are dropping, they are perishing

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of pracyu

present middle/ātmanepada

3rd person plural present middle/ātmanepada

Prefix: pra

Root: cyu (class 1)

दिवौकसः (divaukasaḥ) - gods, dwellers of heaven

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of divaukas

divaukas - dweller in heaven, god

Compound of 'div' (heaven) and 'okas' (dwelling).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (div+okas)

• div – heaven, sky, day
  noun (feminine)
• okas – dwelling, house, home
  noun (neuter)

Note: Subject of the first clause.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Negating particle.

नाथम् (nātham) - a protector, a lord, a master

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nātha

nātha - lord, master, protector, refuge

Root: nāth (class 1)

Note: Object of 'adhyagacchan'.

अध्यगच्छन् (adhyagacchan) - they found, they resorted to, they approached

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of adhigam

imperfect active

3rd person plural imperfect active of root √gam with prefix 'adhi-'

Prefix: adhi

Root: gam (class 1)

वध्यमानाः (vadhyamānāḥ) - being killed, being slaughtered

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vadhyamāna

vadhyamāna - being killed, being struck

present passive participle

derived from root √vadh (to strike, to kill)

Root: vadh (class 1)

महारणे (mahāraṇe) - in the great battle, in the great war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of mahāraṇa

mahāraṇa - great battle, great war

Compound of 'mahā' (great) and 'raṇa' (battle).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+raṇa)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
  Feminine stem of 'mahat'
• raṇa – battle, combat, war
  noun (masculine)
  Root: raṇ (class 1)