महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-221, verse-22

स गृहीत्वा पताकां तु यात्यग्रे राक्षसो ग्रहः ।
व्यापृतस्तु श्मशाने यो नित्यं रुद्रस्य वै सखा ।
पिङ्गलो नाम यक्षेन्द्रो लोकस्यानन्ददायकः ॥२२॥

22. sa gṛhītvā patākāṁ tu yātyagre rākṣaso grahaḥ ,
vyāpṛtastu śmaśāne yo nityaṁ rudrasya vai sakhā ,
piṅgalo nāma yakṣendro lokasyānandadāyakaḥ.

22. sa gṛhītvā patākām tu yāti agre rākṣasaḥ
grahaḥ vyāpṛtaḥ tu śmaśāne yaḥ
nityam rudrasya vai sakhā piṅgalaḥ
nāma yakṣendraḥ lokasya ānandadāyakaḥ

22. Holding the banner, that demon (graha) named Piṅgala, who is a chief of the Yakṣas, constantly occupied in the cremation ground, a true friend of Rudra, and a giver of joy to the people, indeed proceeds forward.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - he, that

• गृहीत्वा (gṛhītvā) - having taken, having seized

• पताकाम् (patākām) - flag, banner, standard

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet

• याति (yāti) - he goes, he proceeds

• अग्रे (agre) - in front, ahead, first

• राक्षसः (rākṣasaḥ) - demon, a Rākṣasa

• ग्रहः (grahaḥ) - demon, evil spirit (often causing afflictions) (seizer, grasp, planet, demon, evil spirit)

• व्यापृतः (vyāpṛtaḥ) - engaged, busy, occupied

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet

• श्मशाने (śmaśāne) - in the cremation ground

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly, perpetually

• रुद्रस्य (rudrasya) - of Rudra

• वै (vai) - indeed, verily, truly

• सखा (sakhā) - friend, companion

• पिङ्गलः (piṅgalaḥ) - Piṅgala (proper name of the Yakṣa chief) (brown, tawny (a name))

• नाम (nāma) - by name, named, indeed

• यक्षेन्द्रः (yakṣendraḥ) - chief of Yakṣas, king of Yakṣas

• लोकस्य (lokasya) - of the world, of the people

• आनन्ददायकः (ānandadāyakaḥ) - giver of joy, delight-giving

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the main subject, Pingala.

गृहीत्वा (gṛhītvā) - having taken, having seized

(indeclinable)

absolutive

From root 'grah' (to seize, take) with suffix 'ktvā'

Root: grah (class 9)

Note: Qualifies the action of 'sa'.

पताकाम् (patākām) - flag, banner, standard

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of patākā

patākā - flag, banner, standard

Note: Object of 'gṛhītvā'.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet

(indeclinable)

याति (yāti) - he goes, he proceeds

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of yā

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Main verb.

अग्रे (agre) - in front, ahead, first

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially.

राक्षसः (rākṣasaḥ) - demon, a Rākṣasa

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rākṣasa

rākṣasa - demon, evil spirit, a Rākṣasa

Derived from 'rakṣas' (harm, evil)

Note: Apposition to 'sa' (Pingala).

ग्रहः (grahaḥ) - demon, evil spirit (often causing afflictions) (seizer, grasp, planet, demon, evil spirit)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of graha

graha - seizer, grasping, planet, demon, evil spirit

From root 'grah' (to seize)

Root: grah (class 9)

Note: Apposition to 'sa' and 'rākṣasaḥ'.

व्यापृतः (vyāpṛtaḥ) - engaged, busy, occupied

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyāpṛta

vyāpṛta - engaged, occupied, busy, employed

Past Passive Participle

From root 'pṛ' (to fill, accomplish) with upasarga 'vi-ā' and suffix 'kta'

Prefixes: vi+ā

Root: pṛ (class 9)

Note: Qualifies 'sa' (Pingala).

तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet

(indeclinable)

श्मशाने (śmaśāne) - in the cremation ground

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of śmaśāna

śmaśāna - cremation ground, cemetery

Note: Locative of place for 'vyāpṛtaḥ'.

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ya

ya - who, which

Note: Relative pronoun referring to 'sa' (Pingala).

नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly, perpetually

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb modifying 'vyāpṛtaḥ'.

रुद्रस्य (rudrasya) - of Rudra

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rudra

rudra - Rudra (a Vedic deity, often identified with Śiva)

Note: Possessive for 'sakhā'.

वै (vai) - indeed, verily, truly

(indeclinable)

सखा (sakhā) - friend, companion

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sakhi

sakhi - friend, companion

Note: Apposition to 'sa' (Pingala).

पिङ्गलः (piṅgalaḥ) - Piṅgala (proper name of the Yakṣa chief) (brown, tawny (a name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of piṅgala

piṅgala - brown, tawny; a proper name

Note: Name of the subject.

नाम (nāma) - by name, named, indeed

(indeclinable)

यक्षेन्द्रः (yakṣendraḥ) - chief of Yakṣas, king of Yakṣas

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yakṣendra

yakṣendra - chief of Yakṣas, king of Yakṣas

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yakṣa+indra)

• yakṣa – Yakṣa (a class of semi-divine beings)
  noun (masculine)
• indra – chief, lord, king
  noun (masculine)

Note: Apposition to 'sa' (Pingala).

लोकस्य (lokasya) - of the world, of the people

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, people, realm

Note: Qualifies 'ānandadāyakaḥ'.

आनन्ददायकः (ānandadāyakaḥ) - giver of joy, delight-giving

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ānandadāyaka

ānandadāyaka - giver of joy, delight-giving

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (ānanda+dāyaka)

• ānanda – joy, happiness, delight
  noun (masculine)
• dāyaka – giver, bestower
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun
  From root 'dā' (to give) with suffix 'ṇvul' (aka 'aka')
  Root: dā (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'sa' (Pingala).