महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-190, verse-73

वामदेव उवाच ।
जानामि पुत्रं दशवर्षं तवाहं जातं महिष्यां श्येनजितं नरेन्द्र ।
तं जहि त्वं मद्वचनात्प्रणुन्नस्तूर्णं प्रियं सायकैर्घोररूपैः ॥७३॥

73. vāmadeva uvāca ,
jānāmi putraṁ daśavarṣaṁ tavāhaṁ; jātaṁ mahiṣyāṁ śyenajitaṁ narendra ,
taṁ jahi tvaṁ madvacanātpraṇunna;stūrṇaṁ priyaṁ sāyakairghorarūpaiḥ.

73. vāmadeva uvāca jānāmi putraṃ daśavarṣaṃ
tava aham jātaṃ mahiṣyāṃ śyenajitaṃ
narendra taṃ jahi tvaṃ mat vacanāt
praṇunnaḥ tūrṇaṃ priyaṃ sāyakaiḥ ghorarūpaiḥ

73. Vāmadeva said: 'O king, I know your ten-year-old son Śyenajit, born of the queen. You, impelled by my command, must quickly kill that beloved son with terrifying arrows.'

Words meanings summery:

• वामदेव (vāmadeva) - The sage Vāmadeva (Vāmadeva (proper name of a sage))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• जानामि (jānāmi) - I know (I know, I understand)

• पुत्रं (putraṁ) - the son (son)

• दशवर्षं (daśavarṣaṁ) - ten-year-old

• तव (tava) - your (your, of you)

• अहम् (aham) - I (Vāmadeva) (I)

• जातं (jātaṁ) - born (born, produced)

• महिष्यां (mahiṣyāṁ) - from the queen (as source of birth) (in the queen, by the queen)

• श्येनजितं (śyenajitaṁ) - Śyenajit (Śyenajit (proper name))

• नरेन्द्र (narendra) - O king (Ikṣvāku) (O king, O lord of men)

• तं (taṁ) - that (son) (him, that)

• जहि (jahi) - kill!

• त्वं (tvaṁ) - you (the king) (you)

• मत् (mat) - from me (Vāmadeva) (from me)

• वचनात् (vacanāt) - by my command (from the word, by the command)

• प्रणुन्नः (praṇunnaḥ) - impelled (impelled, urged, pushed forth)

• तूर्णं (tūrṇaṁ) - quickly (quickly, swiftly)

• प्रियं (priyaṁ) - beloved (son) (dear, beloved)

• सायकैः (sāyakaiḥ) - with arrows

• घोररूपैः (ghorarūpaiḥ) - of terrifying form (of terrible form, terrifying)

Words meanings and morphology

वामदेव (vāmadeva) - The sage Vāmadeva (Vāmadeva (proper name of a sage))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vāmadeva

vāmadeva - Vāmadeva (proper name of a Vedic sage)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect active

Root `vac`, perfect active 3rd person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

जानामि (jānāmi) - I know (I know, I understand)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (lat) of jñā

present active

Root `jñā`, present active 1st person singular

Root: jñā (class 9)

पुत्रं (putraṁ) - the son (son)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Object of 'jānāmi'

दशवर्षं (daśavarṣaṁ) - ten-year-old

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of daśavarṣa

daśavarṣa - ten years, ten-year-old

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (daśan+varṣa)

• daśan – ten
  numeral
• varṣa – year
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'putraṃ'

तव (tava) - your (your, of you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

Note: Possessive, refers to the king (narendra)

अहम् (aham) - I (Vāmadeva) (I)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I (pronoun)

Note: Subject of 'jānāmi'

जातं (jātaṁ) - born (born, produced)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of jāta

jāta - born, produced, arisen

past passive participle

From root `jan` (to be born), past passive participle

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'putraṃ'

महिष्यां (mahiṣyāṁ) - from the queen (as source of birth) (in the queen, by the queen)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of mahiṣī

mahiṣī - queen, chief consort

Note: Indicates source/location of birth

श्येनजितं (śyenajitaṁ) - Śyenajit (Śyenajit (proper name))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śyenajit

śyenajit - Śyenajit (proper name, literally 'falcon-victor')

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śyena+jit)

• śyena – falcon, hawk
  noun (masculine)
• jit – conquering, victorious
  adjective (masculine)
  past passive participle
  From root `ji` (to conquer)
  Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Name of the prince, qualifies 'putraṃ'

नरेन्द्र (narendra) - O king (Ikṣvāku) (O king, O lord of men)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of narendra

narendra - king, lord of men

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+indra)

• nara – man, human
  noun (masculine)
• indra – chief, lord
  noun (masculine)

Note: Addressing King Ikṣvāku

तं (taṁ) - that (son) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he/she/it

Note: Refers to the son Śyenajit

जहि (jahi) - kill!

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (lot) of han

imperative active

Root `han`, imperative active 2nd person singular

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Command to the king

त्वं (tvaṁ) - you (the king) (you)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

Note: Subject of 'jahi'

मत् (mat) - from me (Vāmadeva) (from me)

(pronoun)

Ablative, singular of asmad

asmad - I (pronoun)

Note: Governs 'vacanāt'

वचनात् (vacanāt) - by my command (from the word, by the command)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - word, speech, command

verbal noun

Derived from root `vac` (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Indicates the cause/means

प्रणुन्नः (praṇunnaḥ) - impelled (impelled, urged, pushed forth)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of praṇunna

praṇunna - impelled, urged, driven

past passive participle

From root `nud` (to push, impel) with prefix `pra-`

Prefix: pra

Root: nud (class 6)

Note: Agrees with 'tvaṃ'

तूर्णं (tūrṇaṁ) - quickly (quickly, swiftly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial usage

प्रियं (priyaṁ) - beloved (son) (dear, beloved)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of priya

priya - dear, beloved, pleasing

Note: Qualifies 'putraṃ' (implied by 'taṃ')

सायकैः (sāyakaiḥ) - with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sāyaka

sāyaka - arrow

Root: si (class 4)

Note: Means of killing

घोररूपैः (ghorarūpaiḥ) - of terrifying form (of terrible form, terrifying)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of ghorarūpa

ghorarūpa - of terrible form, terrifying, dreadful

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (ghora+rūpa)

• ghora – terrible, dreadful, fearful
  adjective (masculine)
• rūpa – form, appearance, shape
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'sāyakaiḥ'