महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-190, verse-30

वापीमपि निःस्राव्य मण्डूकं श्वभ्रमुखे दृष्ट्वा क्रुद्ध आज्ञापयामास ।
सर्वमण्डूकवधः क्रियतामिति ।
यो मयार्थी स मृतकैर्मण्डूकैरुपायनैर्मामुपतिष्ठेदिति ॥३०॥

30. vāpīmapi niḥsrāvya maṇḍūkaṁ śvabhramukhe dṛṣṭvā kruddha ājñāpayāmāsa ,
sarvamaṇḍūkavadhaḥ kriyatāmiti ,
yo mayārthī sa mṛtakairmaṇḍūkairupāyanairmāmupatiṣṭhediti.

30. vāpīm api niḥsrāvya maṇḍūkam śvabhramukhe
dṛṣṭvā kruddhaḥ ājñāpayāmāsa sarvamaṇḍūkavadhaḥ
kriyatām iti yaḥ mayā arthī saḥ mṛtakaiḥ
maṇḍūkaiḥ upāyanaiḥ mām upatiṣṭhet iti

30. Even after draining the pond, the king, upon seeing a frog at the mouth of the pit, became enraged and commanded, "Let all frogs be killed! Whoever desires a boon from me should approach me with dead frogs as offerings."

Words meanings summery:

• वापीम् (vāpīm) - pond, tank, well

• अपि (api) - even, also, too

• निःस्राव्य (niḥsrāvya) - having drained, having caused to flow out

• मण्डूकम् (maṇḍūkam) - frog

• श्वभ्रमुखे (śvabhramukhe) - at the mouth of the pit/chasm

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

• क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - enraged, angry

• आज्ञापयामास (ājñāpayāmāsa) - he commanded, he ordered

• सर्वमण्डूकवधः (sarvamaṇḍūkavadhaḥ) - the killing of all frogs, massacre of all frogs

• क्रियताम् (kriyatām) - let it be done, let it be performed

• इति (iti) - thus, so, indicates direct speech

• यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

• मया (mayā) - by me

• अर्थी (arthī) - desiring a boon/favor from me (seeker, desirous of, supplicant)

• सः (saḥ) - he, that one

• मृतकैः (mṛtakaiḥ) - with dead ones

• मण्डूकैः (maṇḍūkaiḥ) - with frogs

• उपायनैः (upāyanaiḥ) - with offerings, with presents

• माम् (mām) - me

• उपतिष्ठेत् (upatiṣṭhet) - may he approach, let him stand near

• इति (iti) - thus, so, indicates direct speech

Words meanings and morphology

वापीम् (vāpīm) - pond, tank, well

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vāpī

vāpī - pond, tank, reservoir

Note: Object of 'niḥsrāvya'.

अपि (api) - even, also, too

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes 'vāpīm'.

निःस्राव्य (niḥsrāvya) - having drained, having caused to flow out

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed with lyap suffix from the causative stem of √sru, preceded by prefix nis.

Prefix: nis

Root: sru (class 1)

मण्डूकम् (maṇḍūkam) - frog

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of maṇḍūka

maṇḍūka - frog

Note: Object of 'dṛṣṭvā'.

श्वभ्रमुखे (śvabhramukhe) - at the mouth of the pit/chasm

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of śvabhramukha

śvabhramukha - mouth of a pit/chasm

Compound type : tatpurusha (śvabhra+mukha)

• śvabhra – pit, hole, chasm
  noun (neuter)
• mukha – mouth, face, opening
  noun (neuter)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed with ktvā suffix from √dṛś.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - enraged, angry

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kruddha

kruddha - angry, enraged, furious

Past Passive Participle

Formed from √krudh (to be angry) with kta suffix.

Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Functions as a predicate adjective.

आज्ञापयामास (ājñāpayāmāsa) - he commanded, he ordered

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of √ājñāpay

Periphrastic Perfect

Periphrastic Perfect (Lit) 3rd singular active of the causative stem of √jñā (to know) with prefix ā. The 'āmāsa' is the auxiliary verb.

Prefix: ā

Root: jñā (class 9)

सर्वमण्डूकवधः (sarvamaṇḍūkavadhaḥ) - the killing of all frogs, massacre of all frogs

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sarvamaṇḍūkavadha

sarvamaṇḍūkavadha - killing of all frogs, frog massacre

Compound type : tatpurusha (sarva+maṇḍūka+vadha)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  adjective
• maṇḍūka – frog
  noun (masculine)
• vadha – killing, slaughter, destruction
  noun (masculine)
  From √vadh (to strike, kill) with a-suffix.
  Root: vadh (class 1)

Note: Subject of the imperative verb 'kriyatām'.

क्रियताम् (kriyatām) - let it be done, let it be performed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, imperative (loṭ) of √kṛ

Imperative (Loṭ)

3rd singular passive imperative. From root √kṛ, passive stem kriya.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

इति (iti) - thus, so, indicates direct speech

(indeclinable)

यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who, that

Note: Subject of the relative clause.

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of aham

aham - I, myself

Note: Used with 'arthī' to mean 'desirous of me' or 'seeking from me'.

अर्थी (arthī) - desiring a boon/favor from me (seeker, desirous of, supplicant)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arthin

arthin - desirous of, seeking, petitioner, supplicant

From artha (purpose, object, wealth) + in suffix.

Note: Qualifies 'yaḥ'.

सः (saḥ) - he, that one

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

मृतकैः (mṛtakaiḥ) - with dead ones

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of mṛtaka

mṛtaka - dead, deceased; a dead body

From √mṛ (to die) with aka suffix.

Root: mṛ (class 6)

मण्डूकैः (maṇḍūkaiḥ) - with frogs

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of maṇḍūka

maṇḍūka - frog

उपायनैः (upāyanaiḥ) - with offerings, with presents

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of upāyana

upāyana - offering, present, gift, tribute

From upa + √i (to go) + ana suffix.

Prefix: upa

Root: i (class 2)

माम् (mām) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of aham

aham - I, myself

Note: Object of 'upatiṣṭhet'.

उपतिष्ठेत् (upatiṣṭhet) - may he approach, let him stand near

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of √sthā

Optative (Liṅ)

3rd singular active, from upa + √sthā (Parasmaipada tiṣṭheti). The stem is tiṣṭha.

Prefix: upa

Root: sthā (class 1)

इति (iti) - thus, so, indicates direct speech

(indeclinable)