महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-190, verse-59

तच्छ्रुत्वा वचनमप्रियं वामदेवः क्रोधपरीतात्मा स्वयमेव राजानमभिगम्याश्वार्थमभ्यचोदयत् ।
न चादाद्राजा ॥५९॥

59. tacchrutvā vacanamapriyaṁ vāmadevaḥ krodhaparītātmā svayameva rājānamabhigamyāśvārthamabhyacodayat ,
na cādādrājā.

59. tat śrutvā vacanam apriyam
vāmadevaḥ krodhaparītātmā svayam
eva rājānam abhigamya aśvārtham
abhyacodayat | na ca adāt rājā

59. Having heard that unpleasant statement, Vāmadeva, his soul enveloped in anger, himself approached the king and urged him concerning the horses. But the king did not give them.

Words meanings summery:

• तत् (tat) - that (statement) (that)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• वचनम् (vacanam) - statement (word, speech, statement)

• अप्रियम् (apriyam) - unpleasant (unpleasant, disagreeable)

• वामदेवः (vāmadevaḥ) - Vāmadeva (Vāmadeva (proper noun))

• क्रोधपरीतात्मा (krodhaparītātmā) - Vāmadeva, whose soul was enveloped in anger (one whose soul is enveloped in anger)

• स्वयम् (svayam) - himself (oneself, personally)

• एव (eva) - indeed, even (indeed, only, very)

• राजानम् (rājānam) - the king (king)

• अभिगम्य (abhigamya) - having approached (having approached, having gone towards)

• अश्वार्थम् (aśvārtham) - concerning the horses (for the sake of horses)

• अभ्यचोदयत् (abhyacodayat) - urged (the king for the horses) (urged, prompted, incited)

• न (na) - not

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अदात् (adāt) - did give (gave)

• राजा (rājā) - the king (king)

Words meanings and morphology

तत् (tat) - that (statement) (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

Demonstrative pronoun, neuter accusative singular (governed by śrutvā)

Note: Object of 'śrutvā'

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root śru + suffix -tvā

Root: śru (class 5)

वचनम् (vacanam) - statement (word, speech, statement)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - word, speech, statement, saying

Derived from root vac 'to speak'

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of 'śrutvā'

अप्रियम् (apriyam) - unpleasant (unpleasant, disagreeable)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of apriya

apriya - unpleasant, disagreeable, disliked

Nañ-tatpuruṣa compound of 'a' (not) and 'priya' (dear/pleasant)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+priya)

• a – not, without
  indeclinable
  Negative particle
• priya – dear, beloved, pleasant
  adjective
  Root: prī (class 9)

Note: Agrees with `vacanam`

वामदेवः (vāmadevaḥ) - Vāmadeva (Vāmadeva (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vāmadeva

vāmadeva - Vāmadeva (name of a sage)

Note: Subject of the sentence

क्रोधपरीतात्मा (krodhaparītātmā) - Vāmadeva, whose soul was enveloped in anger (one whose soul is enveloped in anger)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of krodhaparītātman

krodhaparītātman - one whose soul is enveloped in anger

Bahuvrīhi compound

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (krodha+parīta+ātman)

• krodha – anger, wrath
  noun (masculine)
  Root: krudh (class 4)
• parīta – surrounded, enveloped, gone over
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  PPP of root 'i' with prefix 'pari'
  Prefix: pari
  Root: i (class 2)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit (ātman)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies Vāmadeva.

स्वयम् (svayam) - himself (oneself, personally)

(indeclinable)

Adverb

Note: Emphasizes that Vāmadeva went himself

एव (eva) - indeed, even (indeed, only, very)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle

राजानम् (rājānam) - the king (king)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Object of 'abhigamya'

अभिगम्य (abhigamya) - having approached (having approached, having gone towards)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund) with prefix

Formed from root gam + suffix -ya (after prefix)

Prefix: abhi

Root: gam (class 1)

अश्वार्थम् (aśvārtham) - concerning the horses (for the sake of horses)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of aśvārtha

aśvārtha - for the sake of horses, object being horses

Tatpuruṣa compound

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (aśva+artha)

• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)
• artha – purpose, object, sake, wealth
  noun (masculine)

Note: Functions adverbially, meaning 'for the sake of horses.'

अभ्यचोदयत् (abhyacodayat) - urged (the king for the horses) (urged, prompted, incited)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of cud

Causative, Imperfect Tense

From root cud (class 10 or causative of class 6) in the Imperfect Tense, 3rd Person Singular, Active Voice

Prefix: abhi

Root: cud (class 10)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Negative particle

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

अदात् (adāt) - did give (gave)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past aorist (luṅ) of dā

Aorist Tense, 3rd Person Singular, Active Voice

Root: dā (class 3)

राजा (rājā) - the king (king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Subject of 'adāt'