महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-190, verse-19

तत्रैवासीने राजनि सेनान्वगच्छत् ।
पदेनानुपदं दृष्ट्वा राजानं परिवार्यातिष्ठत् ॥१९॥

19. tatraivāsīne rājani senānvagacchat ,
padenānupadaṁ dṛṣṭvā rājānaṁ parivāryātiṣṭhat.

19. tatra eva āsīne rājani senā anvagacchat padena
anupadam dṛṣṭvā rājānam parivārya atiṣṭhat

19. While the king was sitting there, the army followed. Having spotted the king, they surrounded him, step by step, and stood [guard].

Words meanings summery:

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, even

• आसीने (āsīne) - sitting, while sitting, seated

• राजनि (rājani) - in the king, to the king

• सेना (senā) - army, host, force

• अन्वगच्छत् (anvagacchat) - followed

• पदेन (padena) - by foot, by step

• अनुपदम् (anupadam) - step by step, following the steps

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, having spotted

• राजानम् (rājānam) - the king

• परिवार्य (parivārya) - having surrounded, having encircled

• अतिष्ठत् (atiṣṭhat) - stood, remained, stayed

Words meanings and morphology

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, even

(indeclinable)

आसीने (āsīne) - sitting, while sitting, seated

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of āsīna

āsīna - sitting, seated, staying, dwelling

Present Middle Participle

Root ās ('to sit') + śāna/āna suffix

Root: ās (class 2)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction

राजनि (rājani) - in the king, to the king

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction

सेना (senā) - army, host, force

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of senā

senā - army, host, force, troop

अन्वगच्छत् (anvagacchat) - followed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of gam

Prefix: anu

Root: gam (class 1)

पदेन (padena) - by foot, by step

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of pada

pada - foot, step, mark, word

अनुपदम् (anupadam) - step by step, following the steps

(indeclinable)

Compound type : Avyayībhāva (anu+pada)

• anu – after, following, along
  indeclinable
• pada – foot, step, mark, word
  noun (neuter)

Note: Used adverbially

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, having spotted

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Root dṛś ('to see') + ktvā suffix

Root: dṛś (class 1)

राजानम् (rājānam) - the king

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

परिवार्य (parivārya) - having surrounded, having encircled

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Root vṛ ('to cover, enclose') with prefix pari + lyap suffix

Prefix: pari

Root: vṛ (class 5)

अतिष्ठत् (atiṣṭhat) - stood, remained, stayed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of sthā

Root: sthā (class 1)