महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-190, verse-31

अथ मण्डूकवधे घोरे क्रियमाणे दिक्षु सर्वासु मण्डूकान्भयमाविशत् ।
ते भीता मण्डूकराज्ञे यथावृत्तं न्यवेदयन् ॥३१॥

31. atha maṇḍūkavadhe ghore kriyamāṇe dikṣu sarvāsu maṇḍūkānbhayamāviśat ,
te bhītā maṇḍūkarājñe yathāvṛttaṁ nyavedayan.

31. atha maṇḍūkavadhe ghore kriyamāṇe dikṣu sarvāsu maṇḍūkān
bhayam āviśat te bhītāḥ maṇḍūkarājñe yathāvṛttam nyavedayan

31. Then, as a terrible slaughter of frogs was being carried out in all directions, fear seized the frogs. Frightened, they reported what had happened to the king of frogs.

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

• मण्डूकवधे (maṇḍūkavadhe) - in the killing of frogs, in the frog slaughter

• घोरे (ghore) - terrible, dreadful, awful

• क्रियमाणे (kriyamāṇe) - being done, being performed

• दिक्षु (dikṣu) - in all directions (in the directions, in the quarters)

• सर्वासु (sarvāsu) - in all, in every

• मण्डूकान् (maṇḍūkān) - the frogs (accusative plural)

• भयम् (bhayam) - fear, dread

• आविशत् (āviśat) - entered, seized, overcame

• ते (te) - they

• भीताः (bhītāḥ) - frightened, scared

• मण्डूकराज्ञे (maṇḍūkarājñe) - to the king of frogs

• यथावृत्तम् (yathāvṛttam) - what had actually happened (as it happened, the situation as it was)

• न्यवेदयन् (nyavedayan) - they reported, they submitted

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

(indeclinable)

मण्डूकवधे (maṇḍūkavadhe) - in the killing of frogs, in the frog slaughter

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of maṇḍūkavadha

maṇḍūkavadha - killing of frogs, frog slaughter

Compound type : tatpurusha (maṇḍūka+vadha)

• maṇḍūka – frog
  noun (masculine)
• vadha – killing, slaughter
  noun (masculine)
  From √vadh (to strike, kill) with a-suffix.
  Root: vadh (class 1)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction.

घोरे (ghore) - terrible, dreadful, awful

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of ghora

ghora - terrible, dreadful, awful, fierce

क्रियमाणे (kriyamāṇe) - being done, being performed

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of kriyamāṇa

kriyamāṇa - being done, being performed, being made

Present Passive Participle (Ātmanepada)

Formed from √kṛ (to do) passive stem kriya with śānac (māṇa) suffix.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

दिक्षु (dikṣu) - in all directions (in the directions, in the quarters)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, plural of diś

diś - direction, quarter, region

सर्वासु (sarvāsu) - in all, in every

(adjective)

Locative, feminine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

मण्डूकान् (maṇḍūkān) - the frogs (accusative plural)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of maṇḍūka

maṇḍūka - frog

Note: Object of 'āviśat'.

भयम् (bhayam) - fear, dread

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhaya

bhaya - fear, dread, terror

From √bhī (to fear) with a-suffix.

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Subject of 'āviśat'.

आविशत् (āviśat) - entered, seized, overcame

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of √viś

Imperfect (Laṅ)

3rd singular active, from ā + √viś. The 'a-' is the augment for past tense.

Prefix: ā

Root: viś (class 6)

ते (te) - they

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the frogs.

भीताः (bhītāḥ) - frightened, scared

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhīta

bhīta - afraid, frightened, terrified

Past Passive Participle

Formed from √bhī (to fear) with kta suffix.

Root: bhī (class 3)

मण्डूकराज्ञे (maṇḍūkarājñe) - to the king of frogs

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of maṇḍūkarājan

maṇḍūkarājan - king of frogs

Compound type : tatpurusha (maṇḍūka+rājan)

• maṇḍūka – frog
  noun (masculine)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

Note: Recipient of the report.

यथावृत्तम् (yathāvṛttam) - what had actually happened (as it happened, the situation as it was)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yathāvṛtta

yathāvṛtta - as it happened, the true state of affairs

Compound of 'yathā' (as) and 'vṛtta' (happened, occurred).

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+vṛtta)

• yathā – as, according to, in the manner that
  indeclinable
• vṛtta – happened, occurred, conduct, story, event
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √vṛt (to turn, to exist, to happen) with kta suffix.
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Object of 'nyavedayan'.

न्यवेदयन् (nyavedayan) - they reported, they submitted

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of √vid

Imperfect (Laṅ)

3rd plural active. Formed from ni + causative stem of √vid (vedaya). The 'a-' is the augment for past tense. Sandhi: ni + a-vedayan = nyavedayan.

Prefix: ni

Root: vid (class 4)