महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-190, verse-54

अथर्षिश्चिन्तयामास ।
तरुणो राजपुत्रः कल्याणं पत्रमासाद्य रमते ।
न मे प्रतिनिर्यातयति ।
अहो कष्टमिति ॥५४॥

54. atharṣiścintayāmāsa ,
taruṇo rājaputraḥ kalyāṇaṁ patramāsādya ramate ,
na me pratiniryātayati ,
aho kaṣṭamiti.

54. atha ṛṣiḥ cintayāmāsa taruṇaḥ rājaputraḥ kalyāṇam patram
āsādya ramate na me pratiniryātayati aho kaṣṭam iti

54. Then the sage thought: 'The young prince is enjoying the auspicious prize he obtained. He does not return it to me. Oh, what a trouble!'

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - now, then, thereupon

• ऋषिः (ṛṣiḥ) - sage, seer

• चिन्तयामास (cintayāmāsa) - he thought, he pondered

• तरुणः (taruṇaḥ) - young, youthful

• राजपुत्रः (rājaputraḥ) - prince, king's son

• कल्याणम् (kalyāṇam) - a good prize (referring to the deer or success in hunting) (auspicious, good, fortunate)

• पत्रम् (patram) - prize, trophy (referring to the hunted deer or the success) (leaf, letter, document, prize, vehicle)

• आसाद्य (āsādya) - having obtained, having reached, having approached

• रमते (ramate) - he delights, he enjoys, he plays

• न (na) - not, no

• मे (me) - to me, for me, my

• प्रतिनिर्यातयति (pratiniryātayati) - he returns, he gives back

• अहो (aho) - oh!, alas!

• कष्टम् (kaṣṭam) - what a trouble! (difficulty, trouble, sorrow, pain)

• इति (iti) - thus, so (marks direct speech or thought)

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - now, then, thereupon

(indeclinable)

ऋषिः (ṛṣiḥ) - sage, seer

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ṛṣi

ṛṣi - sage, seer, inspired poet

चिन्तयामास (cintayāmāsa) - he thought, he pondered

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of √cint

Perfect, Ātmanepada

3rd person singular, perfect tense (lit), Ātmanepada, of √cint (usually 10th class, causative stem treated as a root). Formed with the periphrastic perfect suffix -āmāsa.

Root: cint (class 10)

Note: periphrastic perfect

तरुणः (taruṇaḥ) - young, youthful

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of taruṇa

taruṇa - young, youthful, tender

राजपुत्रः (rājaputraḥ) - prince, king's son

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājaputra

rājaputra - prince, king's son

Compound type : tatpurusha (rājan+putra)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

कल्याणम् (kalyāṇam) - a good prize (referring to the deer or success in hunting) (auspicious, good, fortunate)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kalyāṇa

kalyāṇa - auspicious, good, excellent, fortunate; good fortune, welfare

पत्रम् (patram) - prize, trophy (referring to the hunted deer or the success) (leaf, letter, document, prize, vehicle)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of patra

patra - leaf, feather, letter, document, vehicle, prize

आसाद्य (āsādya) - having obtained, having reached, having approached

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from ā-√sad (to approach, obtain) + -ya suffix.

Prefix: ā

Root: sad (class 1)

रमते (ramate) - he delights, he enjoys, he plays

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of √ram

Present, Ātmanepada

3rd person singular, present tense, Ātmanepada of √ram.

Root: ram (class 1)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

मे (me) - to me, for me, my

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me (first person pronoun)

Note: Also possible as genitive, but dative fits 'returns to me' better.

प्रतिनिर्यातयति (pratiniryātayati) - he returns, he gives back

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of √yat

Present, Causative, Parasmaipada

3rd person singular, present tense, causative voice, Parasmaipada, from prati-nir-√yat (to return, to give back).

Prefixes: prati+nir

Root: yat (class 1)

Note: causative form

अहो (aho) - oh!, alas!

(indeclinable)

कष्टम् (kaṣṭam) - what a trouble! (difficulty, trouble, sorrow, pain)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kaṣṭa

kaṣṭa - difficulty, trouble, sorrow, pain, hardship; difficult, painful

Note: Often used as an exclamation 'Alas, what a difficulty!'

इति (iti) - thus, so (marks direct speech or thought)

(indeclinable)