महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-190, verse-52

स च तावश्वौ प्रतिगृह्यानुज्ञाप्य चर्षिं प्रायाद्वाम्यसंयुक्तेन रथेन मृगं प्रति ।
गच्छंश्चाब्रवीत्सूतम् ।
अश्वरत्नाविमावयोग्यौ ब्राह्मणानाम् ।
नैतौ प्रतिदेयौ वामदेवायेति ॥५२॥

52. sa ca tāvaśvau pratigṛhyānujñāpya carṣiṁ prāyādvāmyasaṁyuktena rathena mṛgaṁ prati ,
gacchaṁścābravītsūtam ,
aśvaratnāvimāvayogyau brāhmaṇānām ,
naitau pratideyau vāmadevāyeti.

52. saḥ ca tau aśvau pratigṛhya anujñāpya ca ṛṣim
prāyāt vāmya saṃyuktena rathena mṛgam prati
gacchan ca abravīt sūtam aśva ratnau imau ayogyau
brāhmaṇānām na etau pratideyau vāmadevāya iti

52. And having received those two horses and taken leave of the sage, he departed in a chariot yoked with the Vāmī horses, heading towards the deer. As he went, he said to the charioteer, "These two excellent horses are unsuitable for brāhmaṇas. They should not be returned to Vāmadeva."

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• च (ca) - and

• तौ (tau) - those two

• अश्वौ (aśvau) - two horses

• प्रतिगृह्य (pratigṛhya) - having received, having accepted

• अनुज्ञाप्य (anujñāpya) - having taken leave of, having obtained permission from

• च (ca) - and

• ऋषिम् (ṛṣim) - sage, seer

• प्रायात् (prāyāt) - he departed, he went forth

• वाम्यसंयुक्तेन (vāmyasaṁyuktena) - yoked with Vāmī horses

• रथेन (rathena) - by the chariot

• मृगम् (mṛgam) - deer, wild animal

• प्रति (prati) - towards, against, regarding

• गच्छन् (gacchan) - going, while going

• च (ca) - and

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said, spoke

• सूतम् (sūtam) - charioteer

• अश्वरत्नौ (aśvaratnau) - two excellent horses, two jewels among horses

• इमौ (imau) - these two

• अयोग्यः (ayogyaḥ) - unsuitable, unfit, improper

• ब्राह्मणानाम् (brāhmaṇānām) - for brāhmaṇas, of brāhmaṇas

• न (na) - not, no

• एतौ (etau) - these two

• प्रतिदेयौ (pratideyau) - to be returned, to be given back

• वामदेवाय (vāmadevāya) - to Vāmadeva

• इति (iti) - marks the end of a quotation (thus, so)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

तौ (tau) - those two

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अश्वौ (aśvau) - two horses

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of aśva

aśva - horse

प्रतिगृह्य (pratigṛhya) - having received, having accepted

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root 'grah' (to seize, take) with prefix 'prati'

Prefix: prati

Root: grah (class 9)

अनुज्ञाप्य (anujñāpya) - having taken leave of, having obtained permission from

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund), Causative

Derived from root 'jñā' (to know) with prefix 'anu', in causative form

Prefix: anu

Root: jñā (class 9)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

ऋषिम् (ṛṣim) - sage, seer

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ṛṣi

ṛṣi - sage, seer, inspired poet

Root: ṛṣ

प्रायात् (prāyāt) - he departed, he went forth

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of i

Imperfect Tense, 3rd Person Singular

Root 'i' (to go) with prefix 'pra'

Prefix: pra

Root: i (class 2)

वाम्यसंयुक्तेन (vāmyasaṁyuktena) - yoked with Vāmī horses

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of vāmyasaṃyukta

vāmyasaṁyukta - yoked with Vāmī horses

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vāmin+saṃyukta)

• vāmin – possessed of Vāmī (horses), a horse of a specific breed (Vāmī)
  adjective (masculine)
• saṃyukta – joined, yoked, connected
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'yuj' (to join, yoke) with prefix 'sam'
  Prefix: sam
  Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Modifies 'rathena' (by the chariot).

रथेन (rathena) - by the chariot

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

Root: ram (class 1)

मृगम् (mṛgam) - deer, wild animal

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mṛga

mṛga - deer, antelope, wild animal

Root: mṛj (class 2)

प्रति (prati) - towards, against, regarding

(indeclinable)

गच्छन् (gacchan) - going, while going

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gacchan

gacchan - going, moving, proceeding

Present Active Participle

Derived from root 'gam' (to go) with suffix '-at'

Root: gam (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect Tense, 3rd Person Singular

Root 'brū' with augment 'a' and personal ending

Root: brū (class 2)

सूतम् (sūtam) - charioteer

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sūta

sūta - charioteer, son, bard

Root: sū (class 2)

अश्वरत्नौ (aśvaratnau) - two excellent horses, two jewels among horses

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of aśvaratna

aśvaratna - an excellent horse, a jewel among horses

Compound type : tatpurusha (aśva+ratna)

• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)
• ratna – jewel, gem, excellent thing
  noun (neuter)
  Root: rā (class 2)

इमौ (imau) - these two

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of idam

idam - this, these

अयोग्यः (ayogyaḥ) - unsuitable, unfit, improper

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of ayogya

ayogya - unsuitable, unfit, improper, unworthy

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+yogya)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• yogya – suitable, fit, proper, capable
  adjective (masculine)
  Gerundive
  Derived from root 'yuj' (to join, to fit)
  Root: yuj (class 7)

ब्राह्मणानाम् (brāhmaṇānām) - for brāhmaṇas, of brāhmaṇas

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a brāhmaṇa (member of the priestly class), relating to Brahman

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

एतौ (etau) - these two

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of etas

etas - this, these

प्रतिदेयौ (pratideyau) - to be returned, to be given back

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, dual of pratideya

pratideya - to be returned, to be given back

Gerundive

Derived from root 'dā' (to give) with prefix 'prati'

Prefix: prati

Root: dā (class 3)

वामदेवाय (vāmadevāya) - to Vāmadeva

(proper noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of vāmadeva

vāmadeva - Vāmadeva (name of an ancient sage)

इति (iti) - marks the end of a quotation (thus, so)

(indeclinable)