महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-146, verse-78

ब्रूहि कस्त्वं किमर्थं वा वनं त्वमिदमागतः ।
वर्जितं मानुषैर्भावैस्तथैव पुरुषैरपि ॥७८॥

78. brūhi kastvaṁ kimarthaṁ vā vanaṁ tvamidamāgataḥ ,
varjitaṁ mānuṣairbhāvaistathaiva puruṣairapi.

78. brūhi kaḥ tvam kimartham vā vanam tvam idam āgataḥ
varjitam mānuṣaiḥ bhāvaiḥ tathā eva puruṣaiḥ api

78. Tell me, who are you, and for what purpose have you come to this forest? It is indeed devoid of human beings and similarly, of other persons as well.

Words meanings summery:

• ब्रूहि (brūhi) - Tell, speak, say.

• कः (kaḥ) - Who, what.

• त्वम् (tvam) - You.

• किमर्थम् (kimartham) - For what purpose, why.

• वा (vā) - Or.

• वनम् (vanam) - Forest, wood.

• त्वम् (tvam) - You.

• इदम् (idam) - This.

• आगतः (āgataḥ) - Who has come. (Having come, arrived.)

• वर्जितम् (varjitam) - Devoid of. (Abandoned, avoided, devoid of, excluded.)

• मानुषैः (mānuṣaiḥ) - By humans, by human beings.

• भावैः (bhāvaiḥ) - By (human) beings/presences. (By states, by beings, by natures, by sentiments.)

• तथा (tathā) - Thus, so, similarly.

• एव (eva) - Indeed, only, just.

• पुरुषैः (puruṣaiḥ) - By persons/beings. (By persons, by men, by supreme cosmic persons (puruṣa).)

• अपि (api) - Also, even.

Words meanings and morphology

ब्रूहि (brūhi) - Tell, speak, say.

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of brū

Imperative mood

2nd person singular, active voice.

Root: brū (class 2)

कः (kaḥ) - Who, what.

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - Who, what, which.

त्वम् (tvam) - You.

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - You.

किमर्थम् (kimartham) - For what purpose, why.

(indeclinable)

Compound type : tatpurusha (kim+artha)

• kim – What, which, who.
  pronoun (neuter)
• artha – Purpose, meaning, object, wealth.
  noun (masculine)

Note: Used adverbially.

वा (vā) - Or.

(indeclinable)

वनम् (vanam) - Forest, wood.

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - Forest, wood, grove, thicket.

Note: Object of implied verb 'came to'.

त्वम् (tvam) - You.

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - You.

Note: Subject of 'āgataḥ'.

इदम् (idam) - This.

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - This, here, present.

Note: Adjective modifying 'vanam'.

आगतः (āgataḥ) - Who has come. (Having come, arrived.)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āgata

āgata - Come, arrived, reached.

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root gam (to go) with prefix ā (towards).

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Acts as the predicate for 'tvam'.

वर्जितम् (varjitam) - Devoid of. (Abandoned, avoided, devoid of, excluded.)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of varjita

varjita - Abandoned, excluded, avoided, devoid of.

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root vṛj (to abandon, to avoid).

Root: vṛj (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'vanam' (neuter, singular).

मानुषैः (mānuṣaiḥ) - By humans, by human beings.

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of mānuṣa

mānuṣa - Human, relating to humans, a human being.

Root: manu

Note: Agent of 'varjitam'.

भावैः (bhāvaiḥ) - By (human) beings/presences. (By states, by beings, by natures, by sentiments.)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bhāva

bhāva - Being, existence, state, condition, sentiment, inherent nature.

Derived from root bhū (to be).

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Co-agent with 'mānuṣaiḥ' for 'varjitam'.

तथा (tathā) - Thus, so, similarly.

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - Indeed, only, just.

(indeclinable)

पुरुषैः (puruṣaiḥ) - By persons/beings. (By persons, by men, by supreme cosmic persons (puruṣa).)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of puruṣa

puruṣa - Man, human being, person, male, the supreme cosmic person (puruṣa).

Note: Co-agent with 'mānuṣaiḥ bhāvaiḥ' for 'varjitam'.

अपि (api) - Also, even.

(indeclinable)