महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-146, verse-75

ननु नाम त्वया कार्या दया भूतेषु जानता ।
वयं धर्मं न जानीमस्तिर्यग्योनिं समाश्रिताः ॥७५॥

75. nanu nāma tvayā kāryā dayā bhūteṣu jānatā ,
vayaṁ dharmaṁ na jānīmastiryagyoniṁ samāśritāḥ.

75. nanu nāma tvayā kāryā dayā bhūteṣu jānatā
vayam dharmam na jānīmaḥ tiryagyonim samāśritāḥ

75. Surely, as one who knows, you should show compassion towards all beings. We do not understand what constitutes righteous conduct (dharma), having taken birth in an animal species.

Words meanings summery:

• ननु (nanu) - surely, indeed, is it not?

• नाम (nāma) - (emphatic particle) (indeed, by name, for instance)

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you

• कार्या (kāryā) - to be done, should be done, ought to be done

• दया (dayā) - compassion, pity, mercy

• भूतेषु (bhūteṣu) - towards beings, among beings, concerning beings

• जानता (jānatā) - by you, as a wise person (by a knowing one, by one who knows)

• वयम् (vayam) - (the monkeys) (we)

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - righteous conduct (dharma) (righteousness, natural law, duty, virtue)

• न (na) - not, no

• जानीमः (jānīmaḥ) - we know, we understand

• तिर्यग्योनिम् (tiryagyonim) - animal birth, animal species

• समाश्रिताः (samāśritāḥ) - having taken birth in (having resorted to, having taken refuge in, born into, dependent on)

Words meanings and morphology

ननु (nanu) - surely, indeed, is it not?

(indeclinable)

नाम (nāma) - (emphatic particle) (indeed, by name, for instance)

(indeclinable)

त्वया (tvayā) - by you

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

कार्या (kāryā) - to be done, should be done, ought to be done

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kārya

kārya - to be done, duty, action, purpose

Gerundive

Derived from root kṛ (to do)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with 'dayā'.

दया (dayā) - compassion, pity, mercy

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of dayā

dayā - compassion, pity, mercy

भूतेषु (bhūteṣu) - towards beings, among beings, concerning beings

(noun)

Locative, plural of bhūta

bhūta - being, creature, element, past

Past Passive Participle (when used as 'past')

Derived from root bhū (to be, become)

Root: bhū (class 1)

जानता (jānatā) - by you, as a wise person (by a knowing one, by one who knows)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of jānat

jānat - knowing, perceiving

Present Active Participle

Derived from root jñā (to know)

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Agrees with 'tvayā'.

वयम् (vayam) - (the monkeys) (we)

(pronoun)

Nominative, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

धर्मम् (dharmam) - righteous conduct (dharma) (righteousness, natural law, duty, virtue)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - righteousness, natural law, constitution, duty, virtue

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

जानीमः (jānīmaḥ) - we know, we understand

(verb)

1st person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of jñā

Root: jñā (class 9)

तिर्यग्योनिम् (tiryagyonim) - animal birth, animal species

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tiryagyoni

tiryagyoni - animal birth, animal species

Compound type : tatpurusha (tiryak+yoni)

• tiryak – horizontal, transverse, animal
  adjective
• yoni – womb, source, origin, birth, species
  noun (feminine)

Note: Object of 'samāśritāḥ'.

समाश्रिताः (samāśritāḥ) - having taken birth in (having resorted to, having taken refuge in, born into, dependent on)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of samāśrita

samāśrita - resorted to, dependent on, joined with

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root śri (to resort to, cling to) with upasargas sam- and ā-

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: śri (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'vayam'.