महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-146, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
तत्र ते पुरुषव्याघ्राः परमं शौचमास्थिताः ।
षड्रात्रमवसन्वीरा धनंजयदिदृक्षया ।
तस्मिन्विहरमाणाश्च रममाणाश्च पाण्डवाः ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
tatra te puruṣavyāghrāḥ paramaṁ śaucamāsthitāḥ ,
ṣaḍrātramavasanvīrā dhanaṁjayadidṛkṣayā ,
tasminviharamāṇāśca ramamāṇāśca pāṇḍavāḥ.

1. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca tatra te puruṣavyāghrāḥ
paramam śaucam āsthitāḥ ṣaḍrātram
avasan vīrāḥ dhanaṃjayadīdṛkṣayā tasmin
viharamāṇāḥ ca ramamāṇāḥ ca pāṇḍavāḥ

1. Vaishampayana said: There, those heroes, the foremost among men (puruṣavyāghra), having adopted supreme purity, resided for six nights with the desire to see Dhananjaya. While in that place, the Pandavas continued to sport and delight themselves.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - The narrator of the Mahabharata. (Vaishampayana)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

• ते (te) - Refers to the Pandavas. (they, those)

• पुरुषव्याघ्राः (puruṣavyāghrāḥ) - Epithet for the Pandavas. (tiger among men, best of men)

• परमम् (paramam) - supreme, highest, excellent

• शौचम् (śaucam) - purity, cleanliness

• आस्थिताः (āsthitāḥ) - established in, adopting, having recourse to

• षड्रात्रम् (ṣaḍrātram) - for six nights/days

• अवसन् (avasan) - they dwelt, resided

• वीराः (vīrāḥ) - heroes, brave ones

• धनंजयदीदृक्षया (dhanaṁjayadīdṛkṣayā) - with the desire to see Dhananjaya

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - Refers to the place where they were residing. (in that, in that place)

• विहरमाणाः (viharamāṇāḥ) - enjoying, sporting, roaming

• च (ca) - and, also

• रममाणाः (ramamāṇāḥ) - delighting, enjoying

• च (ca) - and, also

• पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the Pandavas

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - The narrator of the Mahabharata. (Vaishampayana)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaishampayana (proper name, a disciple of Vyasa and narrator of the Mahabharata)

Patronymic from Viśampāyana.

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of √vac

Perfect Tense

3rd person singular perfect active of the root vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

(indeclinable)

Derived from the pronominal stem 'tad'.

ते (te) - Refers to the Pandavas. (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those (demonstrative pronoun)

पुरुषव्याघ्राः (puruṣavyāghrāḥ) - Epithet for the Pandavas. (tiger among men, best of men)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of puruṣavyāghra

puruṣavyāghra - tiger among men, foremost among men, excellent man (puruṣavyāghra)

A compound meaning 'a tiger among men,' used as an epithet for a pre-eminent man.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (puruṣa+vyāghra)

• puruṣa – man, human being, person (puruṣa)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: pṛ (class 1)
• vyāghra – tiger
  noun (masculine)
  From vi- + ā- + √ghrā (to smell, implying one who hunts by scent, hence fierce hunter).
  Prefixes: vi+ā
  Root: ghrā (class 1)

परमम् (paramam) - supreme, highest, excellent

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of parama

parama - supreme, highest, best, ultimate

Superlative of 'para' (other, beyond).

Note: Agrees with 'śaucam'.

शौचम् (śaucam) - purity, cleanliness

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śauca

śauca - purity, cleanliness, ritual purification

Derived from śuci (pure).

Root: śuc (class 1)

Note: Object of 'āsthitāḥ'.

आस्थिताः (āsthitāḥ) - established in, adopting, having recourse to

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of āsthita

āsthita - being in, established in, assumed, resorted to, adopted

Past Passive Participle

From ā-√sthā (to stand, resort to, adopt).

Prefix: ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'te', 'puruṣavyāghrāḥ', and 'vīrāḥ'.

षड्रात्रम् (ṣaḍrātram) - for six nights/days

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ṣaḍrātra

ṣaḍrātra - a period of six nights (and days)

Compound of 'ṣaṣ' (six) and 'rātra' (night).

Compound type : dvigu (ṣaṣ+rātra)

• ṣaṣ – six
  indeclinable
• rātra – night (often refers to a day-night cycle in such compounds)
  noun (neuter)
  From 'rātri' (night).

Note: Adverbial accusative denoting duration of time.

अवसन् (avasan) - they dwelt, resided

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of √vas

Imperfect Tense

3rd person plural imperfect active of the root vas.

Root: vas (class 1)

वीराः (vīrāḥ) - heroes, brave ones

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vīra

vīra - hero, warrior, brave man

Note: Refers to the Pandavas.

धनंजयदीदृक्षया (dhanaṁjayadīdṛkṣayā) - with the desire to see Dhananjaya

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of dhanaṃjayadīdṛkṣā

dhanaṁjayadīdṛkṣā - desire to see Dhananjaya (Arjuna)

Compound of 'dhanaṃjaya' and 'dīdṛkṣā'.

Compound type : tatpurusha (dhanaṃjaya+dīdṛkṣā)

• dhanaṃjaya – conqueror of wealth (epithet of Arjuna)
  proper noun (masculine)
  From 'dhana' (wealth) + √ji (to conquer) with suffix -a.
  Root: ji (class 1)
• dīdṛkṣā – desire to see
  noun (feminine)
  Desiderative Noun
  From the desiderative stem of √dṛś (to see).
  Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Expresses purpose or reason.

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - Refers to the place where they were residing. (in that, in that place)

(pronoun)

Locative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Used adverbially.

विहरमाणाः (viharamāṇāḥ) - enjoying, sporting, roaming

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of viharamāṇa

viharamāṇa - sporting, roaming, enjoying oneself, recreating

Present Middle Participle

From vi-√hṛ (to roam, sport) with the śānac suffix (-māna).

Prefix: vi

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'pāṇḍavāḥ'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

रममाणाः (ramamāṇāḥ) - delighting, enjoying

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ramamāṇa

ramamāṇa - delighting, enjoying oneself, sporting

Present Middle Participle

From the root ram (to delight, sport) with the śānac suffix (-māna).

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'pāṇḍavāḥ'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the Pandavas

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, a Pāṇḍava

Patronymic from Pāṇḍu.