महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-49, verse-5

तमुग्रतपसं दृष्ट्वा सहस्राक्षः पुरंदरः ।
समर्थः पुत्रजनने स्वयमेवैत्य भारत ॥५॥

5. tamugratapasaṁ dṛṣṭvā sahasrākṣaḥ puraṁdaraḥ ,
samarthaḥ putrajanane svayamevaitya bhārata.

5. tam ugra-tapasam dṛṣṭvā sahasrākṣaḥ purandaraḥ
samarthaḥ putra-janane svayam eva etya bhārata

5. bhārata,
tam ugra-tapasam dṛṣṭvā,
putra-janane samarthaḥ sahasrākṣaḥ purandaraḥ svayam eva etya.

5. O Bhārata, seeing him (Kuśika) engaged in such severe asceticism (tapas), Indra (Sahasrākṣa Purandara), who was capable of generating a son, personally came to him.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him (Kuśika) (him, that)

• उग्र-तपसम् (ugra-tapasam) - him, who was performing severe asceticism (tapas) (one with severe asceticism)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• सहस्राक्षः (sahasrākṣaḥ) - Indra (the thousand-eyed)

• पुरन्दरः (purandaraḥ) - destroyer of cities, Indra

• समर्थः (samarthaḥ) - capable of generating a son (capable, competent, able)

• पुत्र-जनने (putra-janane) - in generating a son

• स्वयम् (svayam) - personally, by oneself

• एव (eva) - personally (indeed, only, just)

• एत्य (etya) - having come, approaching

• भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata (descendant of Bharata)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him (Kuśika) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Kuśika.

उग्र-तपसम् (ugra-tapasam) - him, who was performing severe asceticism (tapas) (one with severe asceticism)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ugratapas

ugratapas - one who practices severe asceticism

bahuvrihi compound: ugra (severe) + tapas (asceticism)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (ugra+tapas)

• ugra – fierce, severe
  adjective (masculine)
• tapas – asceticism, penance
  noun (neuter)
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'tam'.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root dṛś with suffix -tvā

Root: dṛś (class 1)

सहस्राक्षः (sahasrākṣaḥ) - Indra (the thousand-eyed)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sahasrākṣa

sahasrākṣa - thousand-eyed, an epithet of Indra

bahuvrihi compound: sahasra (thousand) + akṣa (eye)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sahasra+akṣa)

• sahasra – thousand
  numeral
• akṣa – eye
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to Indra.

पुरन्दरः (purandaraḥ) - destroyer of cities, Indra

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of purandara

purandara - destroyer of cities/fortresses, an epithet of Indra

compound of pura (city) + dara (destroyer, from root dṛ)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pura+dara)

• pura – city, fortress
  noun (neuter)
• dara – destroyer, tearing
  adjective (masculine)
  from root dṛ (to tear, to destroy)
  Root: dṛ (class 6)

Note: Epithet of Indra, in apposition to Sahasrākṣaḥ.

समर्थः (samarthaḥ) - capable of generating a son (capable, competent, able)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samartha

samartha - capable, able, fit, strong

compound of sam (together, with) + artha (purpose, object, power)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sam+artha)

• sam – together, with, completely
  indeclinable
  prefix
• artha – object, purpose, meaning, wealth
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies Indra.

पुत्र-जनने (putra-janane) - in generating a son

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of putrajana

putrajana - generation of a son

compound of putra (son) + janana (generating)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (putra+janana)

• putra – son
  noun (masculine)
• janana – generating, causing to be born
  noun (neuter)
  verbal noun from root jan (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Indicates the sphere of competence for 'samarthaḥ'.

स्वयम् (svayam) - personally, by oneself

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes Indra's direct action.

एव (eva) - personally (indeed, only, just)

(indeclinable)

एत्य (etya) - having come, approaching

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root i with prefix ā- and suffix -tvā (via sandhi ā + i = e)

Prefix: ā

Root: i (class 2)

Note: From root 'i' (to go) with prefix 'ā' (implying 'to come').

भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata (descendant of Bharata)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, inhabitant of Bhārata (India)