महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-49, verse-43

अपातयन्त भल्लाग्रैः शिरः कायान्नराधिप ।
समित्कुशार्थं रामस्य निर्गतस्य महात्मनः ॥४३॥

43. apātayanta bhallāgraiḥ śiraḥ kāyānnarādhipa ,
samitkuśārthaṁ rāmasya nirgatasya mahātmanaḥ.

43. apātayanta bhallāgraiḥ śiraḥ kāyāt narādhipa
samitkuśārtham rāmasya nirgatasya mahātmanaḥ

43. narādhipa rāmasya mahātmanaḥ samitkuśārtham
nirgatasya kāyāt bhallāgraiḥ śiraḥ apātayanta

43. O king, they severed the head from the body of the great-souled (mahatman) Rama, who had gone out to gather sacrificial fuel and sacred grass.

Words meanings summery:

• अपातयन्त (apātayanta) - they made fall, they caused to fall, they struck down

• भल्लाग्रैः (bhallāgraiḥ) - with spear-tips, with arrowheads

• शिरः (śiraḥ) - head

• कायात् (kāyāt) - from the body

• नराधिप (narādhipa) - O king, O ruler of men

• समित्कुशार्थम् (samitkuśārtham) - for the purpose of sacrificial fuel and sacred grass, to gather sacrificial fuel and sacred grass

• रामस्य (rāmasya) - of Parasurama (of Rama)

• निर्गतस्य (nirgatasya) - of one who had gone out, of one who had departed

• महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - of the great-souled one, of the noble one

Words meanings and morphology

अपातयन्त (apātayanta) - they made fall, they caused to fall, they struck down

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of pat

Causative imperfect

Causative stem pātaya-, imperfect 3rd plural apātayanta

Root: pat (class 1)

भल्लाग्रैः (bhallāgraiḥ) - with spear-tips, with arrowheads

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of bhallāgra

bhallāgra - spear-tip, arrowhead

Compound type : tatpurusha (bhalla+agra)

• bhalla – spear, arrow
  noun (masculine)
• agra – tip, point, front, top
  noun (neuter)

शिरः (śiraḥ) - head

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śiras

śiras - head, skull, top

कायात् (kāyāt) - from the body

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of kāya

kāya - body, mass, collection

नराधिप (narādhipa) - O king, O ruler of men

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of narādhipa

narādhipa - king, ruler of men

Compound type : tatpurusha (nara+adhipa)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – ruler, lord, master
  noun (masculine)
  From adhi- + root pā (to protect, govern)
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: pā (class 2)

समित्कुशार्थम् (samitkuśārtham) - for the purpose of sacrificial fuel and sacred grass, to gather sacrificial fuel and sacred grass

(indeclinable)

Compound type : dvandva-tatpurusha (samit+kuśa+artha)

• samit – sacrificial fuel, firewood for oblation
  noun (feminine)
• kuśa – sacred grass (Poa cynosuroides), used in religious ceremonies
  noun (masculine)
• artha – purpose, object, meaning, wealth
  noun (masculine)

Note: Functions adverbially here to denote purpose.

रामस्य (rāmasya) - of Parasurama (of Rama)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (a proper name, often referring to Parasurama or Dasaratha Rama)

निर्गतस्य (nirgatasya) - of one who had gone out, of one who had departed

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of nirgata

nirgata - gone out, departed, issued forth

Past Passive Participle

From nir-gam (to go out, depart)

Prefix: nis

Root: gam (class 1)

महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - of the great-souled one, of the noble one

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, magnificent, the great Self (ātman)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
  Feminine stem of mahat
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)