महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-335, verse-48

दन्ताश्च पितरो राजन्सोमपा इति विश्रुताः ।
गोलोको ब्रह्मलोकश्च ओष्ठावास्तां महात्मनः ।
ग्रीवा चास्याभवद्राजन्कालरात्रिर्गुणोत्तरा ॥४८॥

48. dantāśca pitaro rājansomapā iti viśrutāḥ ,
goloko brahmalokaśca oṣṭhāvāstāṁ mahātmanaḥ ,
grīvā cāsyābhavadrājankālarātrirguṇottarā.

48. dantāḥ ca pitaraḥ rājan somapāḥ iti
viśrutāḥ golokaḥ brahmalokaḥ ca
oṣṭhau āstāṃ mahātmanaḥ grīvā ca asya
abhavat rājan kālarātriḥ guṇottarā

48. rājan dantāḥ ca somapāḥ iti viśrutāḥ
pitaraḥ; mahātmanaḥ oṣṭhau golokaḥ
ca brahmalokaḥ āstāṃ; ca rājan asya
grīvā guṇottarā kālarātriḥ abhavat

48. O King, the teeth are the renowned ancestors (pitṛs), known as the drinkers of Soma. The lips of that great being (mahātman) are Goloka and Brahmaloka. And, O King, his neck became Kālarātri, excelling in qualities.

Words meanings summery:

• दन्ताः (dantāḥ) - teeth

• च (ca) - and

• पितरः (pitaraḥ) - the class of divine ancestors, the Pitṛs (ancestors, forefathers, Pitṛs)

• राजन् (rājan) - O King

• सोमपाः (somapāḥ) - an epithet for the Pitṛs, as they partake in Soma offerings (drinkers of Soma)

• इति (iti) - thus, so

• विश्रुताः (viśrutāḥ) - widely known for being Soma-drinkers (well-known, famous, renowned)

• गोलोकः (golokaḥ) - the world of cows, Kṛṣṇa's abode

• ब्रह्मलोकः (brahmalokaḥ) - the world of Brahmā

• च (ca) - and

• ओष्ठौ (oṣṭhau) - lips

• आस्तां (āstāṁ) - they are, indicating a descriptive identification in the present (they are)

• महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - belonging to the cosmic, great-souled divine being (of the great soul/being)

• ग्रीवा (grīvā) - neck

• च (ca) - and

• अस्य (asya) - referring to the divine being's neck (his)

• अभवत् (abhavat) - became

• राजन् (rājan) - O King

• कालरात्रिः (kālarātriḥ) - the cosmic night of universal dissolution, personified as a goddess or force (the night of destruction, Kālarātri)

• गुणोत्तरा (guṇottarā) - of supreme or excellent nature, despite the destructive aspect of Kālarātri (excelling in qualities, superior in qualities)

Words meanings and morphology

दन्ताः (dantāḥ) - teeth

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of danta

danta - tooth, tusk, ivory

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'dantāḥ' (teeth) with 'pitaraḥ' (ancestors).

पितरः (pitaraḥ) - the class of divine ancestors, the Pitṛs (ancestors, forefathers, Pitṛs)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pitṛ

pitṛ - father, ancestor, forefathers (as a class of demigods, Pitṛs)

Note: Refers to the deified ancestors who inhabit a particular celestial realm.

राजन् (rājan) - O King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: A direct address to an implied listener, likely a king.

सोमपाः (somapāḥ) - an epithet for the Pitṛs, as they partake in Soma offerings (drinkers of Soma)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of somapa

somapa - Soma-drinker (an epithet for Pitṛs)

Compound type : tatpurusha (soma+pa)

• soma – moon, soma plant/juice, a god
  noun (masculine)
• pa – drinker, protector
  noun (masculine)
  Agent Noun
  from root pā (to drink)
  Root: pā (class 1)

Note: A descriptive term for the Pitṛs, who are associated with the consumption of Soma.

इति (iti) - thus, so

(indeclinable)

Note: Used here to introduce or emphasize the designation 'somapāḥ'.

विश्रुताः (viśrutāḥ) - widely known for being Soma-drinkers (well-known, famous, renowned)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of viśruta

viśruta - well-known, famous, renowned, heard

Past Passive Participle

from root śru (to hear) with prefix vi

Prefix: vi

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Agrees with 'pitaraḥ', emphasizing their widespread recognition.

गोलोकः (golokaḥ) - the world of cows, Kṛṣṇa's abode

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of goloka

goloka - the world of cows; Kṛṣṇa's celestial abode

Compound type : tatpurusha (go+loka)

• go – cow, ox, earth, ray
  noun (feminine)
• loka – world, realm, people
  noun (masculine)

Note: A celestial realm, particularly associated with the god Kṛṣṇa.

ब्रह्मलोकः (brahmalokaḥ) - the world of Brahmā

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of brahmaloka

brahmaloka - the world of Brahmā, the highest celestial realm

Compound type : tatpurusha (brahma+loka)

• brahma – Brahmā (the creator god), brahman (ultimate reality), sacred word
  noun (neuter)
• loka – world, realm, people
  noun (masculine)

Note: The abode of the creator god Brahmā, considered a high celestial plane.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects Goloka and Brahmaloka as the two realms identified with the lips.

ओष्ठौ (oṣṭhau) - lips

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of oṣṭha

oṣṭha - lip

आस्तां (āstāṁ) - they are, indicating a descriptive identification in the present (they are)

(verb)

3rd person , dual, active, descriptive present (laṅ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Imperfect tense form used descriptively in epic Sanskrit to convey a present state of being.

महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - belonging to the cosmic, great-souled divine being (of the great soul/being)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great soul, noble-minded, the Supreme Spirit

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• ātman – soul, self, essence, spirit
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to the cosmic being whose body parts are being described as various worlds and phenomena.

ग्रीवा (grīvā) - neck

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of grīvā

grīvā - neck, nape of the neck

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects this statement about the neck to the previous descriptions.

अस्य (asya) - referring to the divine being's neck (his)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, it

Note: Genitive singular of 'idam', referring back to the divine being.

अभवत् (abhavat) - became

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Describes the neck's identity as Kālarātri in a past, descriptive sense.

राजन् (rājan) - O King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Repeated vocative, emphasizing the direct address to the king.

कालरात्रिः (kālarātriḥ) - the cosmic night of universal dissolution, personified as a goddess or force (the night of destruction, Kālarātri)

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kālarātri

kālarātri - the night of universal destruction, time of death, a terrible goddess

Compound type : tatpurusha (kāla+rātri)

• kāla – time, death
  noun (masculine)
• rātri – night
  noun (feminine)

Note: A powerful and fearsome aspect of cosmic time, embodying destruction.

गुणोत्तरा (guṇottarā) - of supreme or excellent nature, despite the destructive aspect of Kālarātri (excelling in qualities, superior in qualities)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of guṇottara

guṇottara - superior in qualities, excelling in virtues, excellent

Compound type : tatpurusha (guṇa+uttara)

• guṇa – quality, virtue, strand, attribute
  noun (masculine)
• uttara – superior, later, northern, answer
  adjective (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'kālarātriḥ', indicating the supreme nature or quality of this destructive force.