महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-335, verse-31

अहो बत महद्दुःखं वेदनाशनजं मम ।
प्राप्तं दुनोति हृदयं तीव्रशोकाय रन्धयन् ॥३१॥

31. aho bata mahadduḥkhaṁ vedanāśanajaṁ mama ,
prāptaṁ dunoti hṛdayaṁ tīvraśokāya randhayan.

31. aho bata mahat duḥkham vedanāśanajam mama
prāptam dunoti hṛdayam tīvraśokāya randhayan

31. aho bata mama vedanāśanajam mahat duḥkham
prāptam hṛdayam dunoti tīvraśokāya randhayan

31. Oh, alas, a great sorrow, born from the destruction of the Vedas, has fallen upon me. It afflicts my heart, relentlessly subjecting it to intense grief.

Words meanings summery:

• अहो (aho) - Oh! Ah!

• बत (bata) - alas!, oh!

• महत् (mahat) - great, large

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow, suffering

• वेदनाशनजम् (vedanāśanajam) - sorrow born from the destruction of the Vedas (born from the destruction of the Vedas)

• मम (mama) - my, mine

• प्राप्तम् (prāptam) - obtained, reached, fallen upon

• दुनोति (dunoti) - afflicts, pains, troubles

• हृदयम् (hṛdayam) - heart

• तीव्रशोकाय (tīvraśokāya) - for intense grief, towards severe sorrow

• रन्धयन् (randhayan) - subjecting, causing to yield, afflicting

Words meanings and morphology

अहो (aho) - Oh! Ah!

(indeclinable)

बत (bata) - alas!, oh!

(indeclinable)

महत् (mahat) - great, large

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, vast, mighty

Note: Qualifies 'duḥkham'

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow, suffering

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - suffering, sorrow, pain, misery

वेदनाशनजम् (vedanāśanajam) - sorrow born from the destruction of the Vedas (born from the destruction of the Vedas)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vedanāśanaja

vedanāśanaja - born from the destruction of the Vedas

Bahuvrihi compound: veda-nāśana (destruction of Vedas) + ja (born)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (veda+nāśana+ja)

• veda – Veda, sacred knowledge
  noun (masculine)
  From √vid 'to know'
  Root: vid (class 2)
• nāśana – destruction, causing ruin
  noun (neuter)
  From √naś (to perish, destroy)
  Root: naś (class 4)
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective (masculine)
  Suffix meaning 'born from', 'produced from'
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'duḥkham'

मम (mama) - my, mine

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

प्राप्तम् (prāptam) - obtained, reached, fallen upon

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of prāpta

prāpta - obtained, reached, fallen upon

Past Passive Participle

Compound of 'pra' (forth) + √āp (to obtain)

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Qualifies 'duḥkham'

दुनोति (dunoti) - afflicts, pains, troubles

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of du

Present Tense

Present 3rd person singular, parasmaipada of √du (class 5)

Root: du (class 5)

हृदयम् (hṛdayam) - heart

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of hṛdaya

hṛdaya - heart, mind, soul

Note: Object of 'dunoti'

तीव्रशोकाय (tīvraśokāya) - for intense grief, towards severe sorrow

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of tīvraśoka

tīvraśoka - intense grief/sorrow

Tatpurusha compound: tīvra (intense) + śoka (grief)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tīvra+śoka)

• tīvra – sharp, intense, severe
  adjective (masculine)
• śoka – grief, sorrow, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
  From √śuc (to grieve)
  Root: śuc (class 1)

Note: Purpose or direction of 'randhayan'

रन्धयन् (randhayan) - subjecting, causing to yield, afflicting

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of randhayat

randhayat - causing to yield, afflicting, subjecting

Present Active Participle (Causative)

Causative of √radh (to subject, afflict), Present participle, nominative singular masculine

Root: radh (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'duḥkham' (sorrow) or implied agent 'it'