महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-335, verse-23

स तामसो मधुर्जातस्तदा नारायणाज्ञया ।
कठिनस्त्वपरो बिन्दुः कैटभो राजसस्तु सः ॥२३॥

23. sa tāmaso madhurjātastadā nārāyaṇājñayā ,
kaṭhinastvaparo binduḥ kaiṭabho rājasastu saḥ.

23. saḥ tāmasaḥ madhuḥ jātaḥ tadā nārāyaṇa-ājñayā
kaṭhinaḥ tu aparaḥ binduḥ kaiṭabhaḥ rājasaḥ tu saḥ

23. tadā nārāyaṇa-ājñayā saḥ tāmasaḥ madhuḥ jātaḥ tu
aparaḥ kaṭhinaḥ binduḥ saḥ rājasaḥ kaiṭabhaḥ tu

23. By the command of (nārāyaṇa), that drop (binduḥ) which was of the quality of ignorance (tamas) became Madhu. The other hardened drop (binduḥ) was Kaitabha, who embodied the quality of passion (rajas).

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - that (drop, referring to the first one) (he, that one)

• तामसः (tāmasaḥ) - characterized by the quality of ignorance (tamas) (pertaining to darkness/ignorance (tamas), dark, ignorant)

• मधुः (madhuḥ) - the demon named Madhu (honey, sweet, name of a demon)

• जातः (jātaḥ) - (became Madhu) (born, produced, become)

• तदा (tadā) - then, subsequently (then, at that time)

• नारायण-आज्ञया (nārāyaṇa-ājñayā) - by the command/will of Lord (nārāyaṇa) (by the command of Narayana)

• कठिनः (kaṭhinaḥ) - (the other drop) was hardened (hard, rigid, difficult)

• तु (tu) - and, on the other hand (introducing the second drop) (but, indeed, on the other hand)

• अपरः (aparaḥ) - the other (drop) (other, another)

• बिन्दुः (binduḥ) - the drop (referring to the second drop) (drop, point, dot)

• कैटभः (kaiṭabhaḥ) - the demon named Kaitabha (name of a demon)

• राजसः (rājasaḥ) - characterized by the quality of passion (rajas) (pertaining to passion/activity (rajas))

• तु (tu) - and, indeed (emphasizing Kaitabha's nature) (but, indeed, on the other hand)

• सः (saḥ) - he (Kaitabha) (he, that one)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - that (drop, referring to the first one) (he, that one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the 'ekaḥ binduḥ' from the previous verse.

तामसः (tāmasaḥ) - characterized by the quality of ignorance (tamas) (pertaining to darkness/ignorance (tamas), dark, ignorant)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tāmasa

tāmasa - relating to tamas, dark, ignorant, delusive

derived from tamas

मधुः (madhuḥ) - the demon named Madhu (honey, sweet, name of a demon)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of madhu

madhu - honey, sweet, spirituous liquor, name of a demon (Madhu)

जातः (jātaḥ) - (became Madhu) (born, produced, become)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jāta

jāta - born, produced, arisen, become

Past Passive Participle

from root jan (to be born, produce)

Root: jan (class 4)

तदा (tadā) - then, subsequently (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

नारायण-आज्ञया (nārāyaṇa-ājñayā) - by the command/will of Lord (nārāyaṇa) (by the command of Narayana)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of nārāyaṇa-ājñā

nārāyaṇa-ājñā - command of Narayana

Compound type : tatpurusha (nārāyaṇa+ājñā)

• nārāyaṇa – Narayana (an epithet of Vishnu)
  proper noun (masculine)
• ājñā – command, order, permission
  noun (feminine)

कठिनः (kaṭhinaḥ) - (the other drop) was hardened (hard, rigid, difficult)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaṭhina

kaṭhina - hard, stiff, rigid, difficult, severe

तु (tu) - and, on the other hand (introducing the second drop) (but, indeed, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

अपरः (aparaḥ) - the other (drop) (other, another)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of apara

apara - other, another, posterior, western

बिन्दुः (binduḥ) - the drop (referring to the second drop) (drop, point, dot)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bindu

bindu - drop, point, dot

कैटभः (kaiṭabhaḥ) - the demon named Kaitabha (name of a demon)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaiṭabha

kaiṭabha - Kaitabha (name of a demon)

राजसः (rājasaḥ) - characterized by the quality of passion (rajas) (pertaining to passion/activity (rajas))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājasa

rājasa - relating to rajas, passionate, active, energetic

derived from rajas

तु (tu) - and, indeed (emphasizing Kaitabha's nature) (but, indeed, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

सः (saḥ) - he (Kaitabha) (he, that one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Kaitabha.