वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-31, verse-85

कृत्स्नं हि कपिभिर्व्याप्तं प्राकारपरिखान्तरम् ।
ददृशू राक्षसा दीनाः प्राकारं वानरीकृतम् ॥८५॥

85. kṛtsnaṃ hi kapibhirvyāptaṃ prākāraparikhāntaram ,
dadṛśū rākṣasā dīnāḥ prākāraṃ vānarīkṛtam.

85. kṛtsnam hi kapibhiḥ vyāptam prākāra-parikhā-antaram
dadṛśuḥ rākṣasāḥ dīnāḥ prākāram vānarīkṛtam

85. hi kṛtsnam prākāra-parikhā-antaram kapibhiḥ vyāptam
(āsīt) dīnāḥ rākṣasāḥ prākāram vānarīkṛtam dadṛśuḥ

85. Indeed, the entire space between the ramparts and the moats was completely filled by monkeys. The distressed demons saw the ramparts transformed into a monkey-filled expanse.

Words meanings summery:

• कृत्स्नम् (kṛtsnam) - entire (whole, entire, complete)

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, for, because)

• कपिभिः (kapibhiḥ) - by the monkeys (of Rāma's army) (by monkeys)

• व्याप्तम् (vyāptam) - completely covered (pervaded, filled, covered)

• प्राकार-परिखा-अन्तरम् (prākāra-parikhā-antaram) - the space between the city walls and defensive moats (space between rampart and moat)

• ददृशुः (dadṛśuḥ) - they (the demons) saw (they saw)

• राक्षसाः (rākṣasāḥ) - the demons (demons, rākṣasas)

• दीनाः (dīnāḥ) - distressed (distressed, miserable, sad, afflicted)

• प्राकारम् (prākāram) - the city rampart (rampart, city wall)

• वानरीकृतम् (vānarīkṛtam) - transformed into a monkey-filled expanse (made into monkeys, transformed into a monkey-filled state)

Words meanings and morphology

कृत्स्नम् (kṛtsnam) - entire (whole, entire, complete)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kṛtsna

kṛtsna - whole, entire, complete, all

Note: Agrees with 'prākāra-parikhā-antaram'.

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, for, because)

(indeclinable)

कपिभिः (kapibhiḥ) - by the monkeys (of Rāma's army) (by monkeys)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of kapi

kapi - monkey, ape

Note: Agent of 'vyāptam'.

व्याप्तम् (vyāptam) - completely covered (pervaded, filled, covered)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vyāpta

vyāpta - pervaded, filled, covered, occupied

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √āp (to obtain, reach) with upasarga vi + ā.

Prefixes: vi+ā

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Past Passive Participle acting as an adjective, agreeing with 'prākāra-parikhā-antaram'.

प्राकार-परिखा-अन्तरम् (prākāra-parikhā-antaram) - the space between the city walls and defensive moats (space between rampart and moat)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of prākāra-parikhā-antara

prākāra-parikhā-antara - space between rampart and moat

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (prākāra+parikhā+antara)

• prākāra – rampart, city wall, enclosure
  noun (masculine)
• parikhā – moat, ditch, trench
  noun (feminine)
• antara – interval, space, interior, inner part
  noun (neuter)

Note: Acts as the subject of the implied verb 'was' and agrees with the participle 'vyāptam'.

ददृशुः (dadṛśuḥ) - they (the demons) saw (they saw)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of √dṛś

Perfect tense, 3rd person plural

Root √dṛś, 3rd person plural, Perfect (Liṭ) tense.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

राक्षसाः (rākṣasāḥ) - the demons (demons, rākṣasas)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rākṣasa

rākṣasa - demon, rākṣasa, evil spirit

Note: Subject of 'dadṛśuḥ'.

दीनाः (dīnāḥ) - distressed (distressed, miserable, sad, afflicted)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dīna

dīna - distressed, miserable, sad, afflicted, wretched

Note: Agrees with 'rākṣasāḥ'.

प्राकारम् (prākāram) - the city rampart (rampart, city wall)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of prākāra

prākāra - rampart, city wall, enclosure

Note: Object of 'dadṛśuḥ'.

वानरीकृतम् (vānarīkṛtam) - transformed into a monkey-filled expanse (made into monkeys, transformed into a monkey-filled state)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vānarīkṛta

vānarīkṛta - made into monkeys, covered with monkeys, monkey-fied

Past Passive Participle (secondary derivative)

Derived from vānara (monkey) + √kṛ (to make) + suffix -ta (PPP).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vānara+kṛta)

• vānara – monkey, ape
  noun (masculine)
• kṛta – made, done, performed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from √kṛ (to do, make).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with 'prākāram'.

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