वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-31, verse-35

ते तु वानरशार्दूलाः शार्दूला इव दंष्ट्रिणः ।
गृहीत्वा द्रुमशैलाग्रान् हृष्टा युद्धाय तस्थिरे ॥३५॥

35. te tu vānaraśārdūlāḥ śārdūlā iva daṃṣṭriṇaḥ ,
gṛhītvā drumaśailāgrān hṛṣṭā yuddhāya tasthire.

35. te tu vānaraśārdūlāḥ śārdūlāḥ iva daṃṣṭriṇaḥ
gṛhītvā drumaśailāgrān hṛṣṭāḥ yuddhāya tasthire

35. tu te vānaraśārdūlāḥ śārdūlāḥ iva daṃṣṭriṇaḥ
hṛṣṭāḥ drumaśailāgrān gṛhītvā yuddhāya tasthire

35. Those tiger-like monkeys, indeed, formidable with fangs like tigers, stood ready for battle, joyfully grasping trees and mountain peaks.

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - they, those

• तु (tu) - but, however, indeed

• वानरशार्दूलाः (vānaraśārdūlāḥ) - powerful monkey warriors (tiger-like monkeys, foremost among monkeys)

• शार्दूलाः (śārdūlāḥ) - tigers

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• दंष्ट्रिणः (daṁṣṭriṇaḥ) - formidable with fangs (fanged, tusked, having large teeth)

• गृहीत्वा (gṛhītvā) - having taken, having seized, having grasped

• द्रुमशैलाग्रान् (drumaśailāgrān) - tree and mountain peaks, tops of trees and mountains

• हृष्टाः (hṛṣṭāḥ) - delighted, joyful, excited

• युद्धाय (yuddhāya) - for battle, for war

• तस्थिरे (tasthire) - they stood, they remained

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - they, those

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to the monkeys.

तु (tu) - but, however, indeed

(indeclinable)

वानरशार्दूलाः (vānaraśārdūlāḥ) - powerful monkey warriors (tiger-like monkeys, foremost among monkeys)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vānaraśārdūla

vānaraśārdūla - a tiger-like monkey, an excellent monkey (like a tiger among animals)

Compound noun, śārdūla used as an honorific suffix to mean 'foremost' or 'best'.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (vānara+śārdūla)

• vānara – monkey
  noun (masculine)
• śārdūla – tiger, best of its kind
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śard (class 1)

Note: Subject of the verb tasthire.

शार्दूलाः (śārdūlāḥ) - tigers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śārdūla

śārdūla - tiger

Root: śard (class 1)

Note: Part of the simile 'śārdūlā iva'.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

दंष्ट्रिणः (daṁṣṭriṇaḥ) - formidable with fangs (fanged, tusked, having large teeth)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of daṃṣṭrin

daṁṣṭrin - fanged, having tusks or prominent teeth; an animal with fangs (e.g., tiger, boar)

Derived from 'daṃṣṭrā' (tusk, fang) with the possessive suffix '-in'.

Root: daṃś (class 1)

Note: Describes the tigers and, by extension, the monkeys.

गृहीत्वा (gṛhītvā) - having taken, having seized, having grasped

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Absolutive form from root 'grah' (to seize, take).

Root: grah (class 9)

द्रुमशैलाग्रान् (drumaśailāgrān) - tree and mountain peaks, tops of trees and mountains

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of drumaśailāgra

drumaśailāgra - tree and mountain peaks/tops

Compound noun.

Compound type : dvandva-tatpuruṣa (druma+śaila+agra)

• druma – tree
  noun (masculine)
• śaila – mountain, rock
  noun (masculine)
• agra – tip, top, peak, front
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of `gṛhītvā`.

हृष्टाः (hṛṣṭāḥ) - delighted, joyful, excited

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hṛṣṭa

hṛṣṭa - delighted, joyful, excited, thrilled

past passive participle

From root 'hṛṣ' (to be glad) with suffix '-ta'.

Root: hṛṣ (class 4)

Note: Agrees with `vānaraśārdūlāḥ`.

युद्धाय (yuddhāya) - for battle, for war

(noun)

Dative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

From root 'yudh' (to fight).

Root: yudh (class 4)

तस्थिरे (tasthire) - they stood, they remained

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, perfect (liṭ) of sthā

perfect

Perfect 3rd Person Plural Middle/Ātmanepada. Reduplicated root.

Root: sthā (class 1)

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