वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-31, verse-11

काकाः श्येनास्तथा गृध्रा नीचैः परिपतन्ति च ।
शिवाश्चाप्यशिवा वाचः प्रवदन्ति महास्वनाः ॥११॥

11. kākāḥ śyenāstathā gṛdhrā nīcaiḥ paripatanti ca ,
śivāścāpyaśivā vācaḥ pravadanti mahāsvanāḥ.

11. kākāḥ śyenāḥ tathā gṛdhrāḥ nīcaiḥ paripatanti ca
śivāḥ ca api aśivāḥ vācaḥ pravadanti mahāsvanāḥ

11. kākāḥ śyenāḥ tathā gṛdhrāḥ ca nīcaiḥ paripatanti,
śivāḥ ca api aśivāḥ mahāsvanāḥ vācaḥ pravadanti

11. Crows, hawks, and vultures hover low; and jackals (śivāḥ) make loud, ominous cries.

Words meanings summery:

• काकाः (kākāḥ) - crows

• श्येनाः (śyenāḥ) - hawks, falcons

• तथा (tathā) - and, so, thus, also

• गृध्राः (gṛdhrāḥ) - vultures

• नीचैः (nīcaiḥ) - low, downwards

• परिपतन्ति (paripatanti) - they fly around, hover, fall around

• च (ca) - and, also

• शिवाः (śivāḥ) - In the context of omens, refers to jackals whose cries are considered inauspicious. (jackals)

• च (ca) - and, also

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• अशिवाः (aśivāḥ) - inauspicious, unlucky

• वाचः (vācaḥ) - cries, voices, words

• प्रवदन्ति (pravadanti) - they cry out, speak forth, utter

• महास्वनाः (mahāsvanāḥ) - with great sounds, loudly

Words meanings and morphology

काकाः (kākāḥ) - crows

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kāka

kāka - crow, raven

श्येनाः (śyenāḥ) - hawks, falcons

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śyena

śyena - hawk, falcon, eagle

तथा (tathā) - and, so, thus, also

(indeclinable)

गृध्राः (gṛdhrāḥ) - vultures

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gṛdhra

gṛdhra - vulture, greedy (adjective)

नीचैः (nīcaiḥ) - low, downwards

(indeclinable)

परिपतन्ति (paripatanti) - they fly around, hover, fall around

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of pari-pat

Prefix: pari

Root: pat (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

शिवाः (śivāḥ) - In the context of omens, refers to jackals whose cries are considered inauspicious. (jackals)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of śivā

śivā - jackal (f), the consort of Śiva, auspicious (adj. f)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

अशिवाः (aśivāḥ) - inauspicious, unlucky

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of aśiva

aśiva - inauspicious, unlucky, evil

वाचः (vācaḥ) - cries, voices, words

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of vāc

vāc - voice, speech, word, sound

प्रवदन्ति (pravadanti) - they cry out, speak forth, utter

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of pra-vad

Prefix: pra

Root: vad (class 1)

महास्वनाः (mahāsvanāḥ) - with great sounds, loudly

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of mahāsvana

mahāsvana - loud noise, great sound, making a great sound

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+svana)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• svana – sound, noise, cry
  noun (masculine)

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