वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-31, verse-21

पताकामालिनीं रम्यामुद्यानवनशोभिताम् ।
चित्रवप्रां सुदुष्प्रापामुच्चप्राकारतोरणाम् ॥२१॥

21. patākāmālinīṃ ramyāmudyānavanaśobhitām ,
citravaprāṃ suduṣprāpāmuccaprākāratoraṇām.

21. patākāmālinīm ramyām udyānavanaśobhitām
citravaprām suduṣprāpām uccaprākāratoraṇām

21. patākāmālinīm ramyām udyānavanaśobhitām
citravaprām suduṣprāpām uccaprākāratoraṇām

21. Adorned with garlands of banners, delightful, beautified by pleasure gardens and forests, having variegated ramparts, very difficult to access, and furnished with high walls and gateways.

Words meanings summery:

• पताकामालिनीम् (patākāmālinīm) - adorned with garlands of banners, having rows of flags

• रम्याम् (ramyām) - delightful (beautiful, delightful, charming)

• उद्यानवनशोभिताम् (udyānavanaśobhitām) - graced/adorned by pleasure gardens and forests/groves

• चित्रवप्राम् (citravaprām) - having variegated ramparts, with picturesque walls

• सुदुष्प्रापाम् (suduṣprāpām) - very difficult to access (very difficult to obtain/reach/access)

• उच्चप्राकारतोरणाम् (uccaprākāratoraṇām) - having high walls and gates

Words meanings and morphology

पताकामालिनीम् (patākāmālinīm) - adorned with garlands of banners, having rows of flags

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of patākāmālinī

patākāmālinī - adorned with garlands of banners, having rows of flags

Derived from 'patākāmālā' (garland of banners) + 'ini' suffix, forming an adjective. Feminine form of 'patākāmālin'.

Compound type : tatpurusha (patākā+mālā)

• patākā – banner, flag
  noun (feminine)
• mālā – garland, string, row
  noun (feminine)

रम्याम् (ramyām) - delightful (beautiful, delightful, charming)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of ramya

ramya - beautiful, delightful, charming, pleasant

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

From root 'ram' (to delight, to play) + 'ya' suffix.

Root: ram (class 1)

उद्यानवनशोभिताम् (udyānavanaśobhitām) - graced/adorned by pleasure gardens and forests/groves

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of udyānavanaśobhita

udyānavanaśobhita - adorned with pleasure gardens and forests

Past Passive Participle

Compound of 'udyāna' (garden) + 'vana' (forest) + 'śobhita' (adorned, past passive participle of 'śubh').

Compound type : tatpurusha (udyāna+vana+śobhita)

• udyāna – garden, pleasure garden
  noun (neuter)
  Prefix: ud
• vana – forest, grove, wood
  noun (neuter)
• śobhita – adorned, embellished, beautiful
  adjective (masculine/neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'śubh' (to shine, to be beautiful) + 'kta' suffix.
  Root: śubh (class 1)

चित्रवप्राम् (citravaprām) - having variegated ramparts, with picturesque walls

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of citravapra

citravapra - having variegated ramparts

Bahuvrīhi compound.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (citra+vapra)

• citra – variegated, diverse, wonderful, picturesque
  adjective (masculine/neuter)
• vapra – rampart, embankment, wall
  noun (masculine/neuter)

सुदुष्प्रापाम् (suduṣprāpām) - very difficult to access (very difficult to obtain/reach/access)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of suduṣprāpa

suduṣprāpa - very difficult to obtain/reach/access

Compound of 'su' (very) + 'duṣ' (difficult) + 'prāpa' (reachable).

Compound type : tatpurusha (su+dus+prāpa)

• su – good, well, very, easily
  indeclinable
• dus – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
• prāpa – to be obtained, attainable, reachable
  adjective (masculine/neuter)
  Gerundive/Future Passive Participle
  From 'pra-āp' + 'a' (ṇyaT) suffix.
  Prefix: pra
  Root: āp (class 5)

उच्चप्राकारतोरणाम् (uccaprākāratoraṇām) - having high walls and gates

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of uccaprākāratoraṇa

uccaprākāratoraṇa - having high walls and gates

Bahuvrīhi compound of 'ucca' (high) + 'prākāra' (wall) + 'toraṇa' (gate).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (ucca+prākāra+toraṇa)

• ucca – high, tall, lofty
  adjective (masculine/neuter)
• prākāra – wall, rampart, fence
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: pra
• toraṇa – archway, gateway, ceremonial gate
  noun (neuter)

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