वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-31, verse-50

गत्वा सौम्य दशग्रीवं ब्रूहि मद्वचनात् कपे ।
लङ्घयित्वा पुरीं लङ्कां भयं त्यक्त्वा गतव्यथः ॥५०॥

50. gatvā saumya daśagrīvaṃ brūhi madvacanāt kape ,
laṅghayitvā purīṃ laṅkāṃ bhayaṃ tyaktvā gatavyathaḥ.

50. gatvā saumya daśagrīvam brūhi madvacanāt kape
laṅghayitvā purīm laṅkām bhayam tyaktvā gatavyathaḥ

50. saumya kape,
gatvā daśagrīvam,
purīm laṅkām laṅghayitvā,
bhayam tyaktvā,
gatavyathaḥ (san),
madvacanāt brūhi

50. O gentle monkey (kape), go to Daśagrīva (Rāvaṇa), and having fearlessly crossed the city of Laṅkā, free from all anxiety, deliver these words from me.

Words meanings summery:

• गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone

• सौम्य (saumya) - O gentle one (referring to Angada) (O gentle one, O gracious one, O son of Soma)

• दशग्रीवम् (daśagrīvam) - to Daśagrīva (Rāvaṇa)

• ब्रूहि (brūhi) - speak, say

• मद्वचनात् (madvacanāt) - from my words, on my behalf

• कपे (kape) - O monkey

• लङ्घयित्वा (laṅghayitvā) - having crossed, having traversed, having overcome

• पुरीम् (purīm) - city, town

• लङ्काम् (laṅkām) - Laṅkā

• भयम् (bhayam) - fear, terror, apprehension

• त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having abandoned, having given up, having renounced

• गतव्यथः (gatavyathaḥ) - free from all anxiety (having gone beyond distress, free from pain/anxiety, fearless)

Words meanings and morphology

गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From √gam (to go) + ktvā suffix

Root: √gam (class 1)

सौम्य (saumya) - O gentle one (referring to Angada) (O gentle one, O gracious one, O son of Soma)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of saumya

saumya - gentle, mild, gracious, relating to Soma/moon

From soma (moon)

दशग्रीवम् (daśagrīvam) - to Daśagrīva (Rāvaṇa)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of daśagrīva

daśagrīva - having ten necks (epithet of Rāvaṇa)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (daśan+grīvā)

• daśan – ten
  numeral
• grīvā – neck
  noun (feminine)

ब्रूहि (brūhi) - speak, say

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of √brū

Imperative, 2nd person singular

Root: √brū (class 2)

मद्वचनात् (madvacanāt) - from my words, on my behalf

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of matvacana

matvacana - my word, my statement

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mad+vacana)

• mad – my, mine (stem of asmad, 1st person pronoun)
  pronoun
• vacana – word, speech, statement
  noun (neuter)
  From √vac (to speak)
  Root: √vac (class 2)

कपे (kape) - O monkey

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kapi

kapi - monkey, ape

लङ्घयित्वा (laṅghayitvā) - having crossed, having traversed, having overcome

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From the causative stem of √laṅgh (to cross, transgress) + ktvā suffix

Root: √laṅgh (class 1)

पुरीम् (purīm) - city, town

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of purī

purī - city, town, fortress

लङ्काम् (laṅkām) - Laṅkā

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of laṅkā

laṅkā - Laṅkā (name of the capital of Rāvaṇa)

भयम् (bhayam) - fear, terror, apprehension

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bhaya

bhaya - fear, dread, danger

From √bhī (to fear)

Root: √bhī (class 3)

त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having abandoned, having given up, having renounced

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From √tyaj (to abandon) + ktvā suffix

Root: √tyaj (class 1)

गतव्यथः (gatavyathaḥ) - free from all anxiety (having gone beyond distress, free from pain/anxiety, fearless)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gatavyatha

gatavyatha - one whose distress has gone

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (gata+vyathā)

• gata – gone, departed, past
  adjective
  Past passive participle
  From √gam (to go)
  Root: √gam (class 1)
• vyathā – distress, pain, anxiety, agitation
  noun (feminine)
  From √vyath (to be agitated, troubled)
  Root: √vyath (class 1)

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