वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-31, verse-83

तेषामक्षौहिणिशतं समवेक्ष्य वनौकसाम् ।
लङ्कामुपनिविष्टानां सागरं चातिवर्तताम् ॥८३॥

83. teṣāmakṣauhiṇiśataṃ samavekṣya vanaukasām ,
laṅkāmupaniviṣṭānāṃ sāgaraṃ cātivartatām.

83. teṣām akṣauhiṇiśatam samavekṣya vanaukasām
laṅkām upaniviṣṭānām sāgaram ca ativartatām

83. Upon surveying those one hundred akṣauhiṇīs of forest-dwelling monkeys, who had settled near Laṅkā and had crossed the ocean,

Words meanings summery:

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of those (of them, their)

• अक्षौहिणिशतम् (akṣauhiṇiśatam) - one hundred akṣauhiṇīs (referring to the monkey army) (a hundred akṣauhiṇīs (a large military division))

• समवेक्ष्य (samavekṣya) - upon surveying (having seen, having observed, having surveyed)

• वनौकसाम् (vanaukasām) - of forest-dwelling monkeys (of forest-dwellers, of monkeys)

• लङ्काम् (laṅkām) - Lanka (Lanka (name of a city/island))

• उपनिविष्टानाम् (upaniviṣṭānām) - of those who had settled near Laṅkā (of those who had settled/encamped)

• सागरम् (sāgaram) - the ocean (ocean, sea)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अतिवर्तताम् (ativartatām) - of those who had crossed (of those who are crossing/surpassing/overcoming)

Words meanings and morphology

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of those (of them, their)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Agrees with 'vanaukasām', 'upaniviṣṭānām', 'ativartatām'.

अक्षौहिणिशतम् (akṣauhiṇiśatam) - one hundred akṣauhiṇīs (referring to the monkey army) (a hundred akṣauhiṇīs (a large military division))

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of akṣauhiṇiśata

akṣauhiṇiśata - a hundred akṣauhiṇīs

Compound type : karmadharaya (akṣauhiṇī+śata)

• akṣauhiṇī – a division of an army (consisting of 21,870 chariots, 21,870 elephants, 65,610 horses, and 109,350 foot-soldiers)
  noun (feminine)
• śata – hundred
  numeral (neuter)

Note: Direct object of 'samavekṣya'.

समवेक्ष्य (samavekṣya) - upon surveying (having seen, having observed, having surveyed)

(indeclinable)

Gerund (absolutive)

Derived from root √īkṣ (1st class) with prefixes sam- and ava-. Formed with suffix -ya after prefixes.

Prefixes: sam+ava

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Gerund.

वनौकसाम् (vanaukasām) - of forest-dwelling monkeys (of forest-dwellers, of monkeys)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of vanaukas

vanaukas - forest-dweller, monkey, wild animal

Compound of 'vana' (forest) and 'okas' (dwelling).

Compound type : tatpurusha (vana+okas)

• vana – forest, wood, grove
  noun (neuter)
• okas – dwelling, abode, house
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'akṣauhiṇiśatam' or is in apposition to 'teṣām'.

लङ्काम् (laṅkām) - Lanka (Lanka (name of a city/island))

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of laṅkā

laṅkā - Lanka (the capital of Rāvaṇa, traditionally identified with Sri Lanka)

Note: Object of the verb 'upaniviṣṭānām' (implied locative relation or 'towards Lanka').

उपनिविष्टानाम् (upaniviṣṭānām) - of those who had settled near Laṅkā (of those who had settled/encamped)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of upaniviṣṭa

upaniviṣṭa - settled near, encamped, taken up position

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √viś (to enter) with prefixes upa- (near) and ni- (down, into).

Prefixes: upa+ni

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Past passive participle used adjectivally, referring to the monkeys.

सागरम् (sāgaram) - the ocean (ocean, sea)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sāgara

sāgara - ocean, sea

Note: Object of 'ativartatām'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two adjectival phrases.

अतिवर्तताम् (ativartatām) - of those who had crossed (of those who are crossing/surpassing/overcoming)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of ati-√vṛt

vṛt - to turn, exist, proceed

Present Active Participle

Derived from root √vṛt (1st class) with prefix ati-.

Prefix: ati

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Present active participle used adjectivally, referring to the monkeys. The present participle can imply a completed action in certain contexts.

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