वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-31, verse-58

न हि राज्यमधर्मेण भोक्तुं क्षणमपि त्वया ।
शक्यं मूर्खसहायेन पापेनाविजितात्मना ॥५८॥

58. na hi rājyamadharmeṇa bhoktuṃ kṣaṇamapi tvayā ,
śakyaṃ mūrkhasahāyena pāpenāvijitātmanā.

58. na hi rājyam adharmeṇa bhoktum kṣaṇam api
tvayā śakyam mūrkhasahāyena pāpena avijitātmanā

58. hi tvayā mūrkhasahāyena pāpena avijitātmanā
adharmeṇa rājyam kṣaṇam api bhoktum na śakyam

58. Indeed, it is not possible for you, with your foolish helpers, a sinful person, and one whose inner self (ātman) is uncontrolled, to enjoy the kingdom even for a moment through unrighteousness (dharma).

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

• राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom, sovereignty

• अधर्मेण (adharmeṇa) - by unrighteousness, by injustice

• भोक्तुम् (bhoktum) - to enjoy, to rule, to experience

• क्षणम् (kṣaṇam) - moment, instant

• अपि (api) - even, also, too

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you

• शक्यम् (śakyam) - possible, able

• मूर्खसहायेन (mūrkhasahāyena) - by one whose helpers are fools

• पापेन (pāpena) - by the sinful one, by sin

• अविजितात्मना (avijitātmanā) - by one whose (ātman) is unconquered/uncontrolled

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

(indeclinable)

राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom, sovereignty

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingdom, realm, sovereignty, government

अधर्मेण (adharmeṇa) - by unrighteousness, by injustice

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of adharma

adharma - unrighteousness, injustice, vice, evil, contrary to (dharma)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+dharma)

• a – not, non
  indeclinable
• dharma – natural law, constitution, righteousness, duty, virtue
  noun (masculine)

भोक्तुम् (bhoktum) - to enjoy, to rule, to experience

(verb)

infinitive of bhuj

Infinitive

Formed with suffix '-tum'.

Root: bhuj (class 7)

क्षणम् (kṣaṇam) - moment, instant

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kṣaṇa

kṣaṇa - moment, instant, leisure

Note: Used adverbially to mean 'even for a moment'.

अपि (api) - even, also, too

(indeclinable)

त्वया (tvayā) - by you

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

शक्यम् (śakyam) - possible, able

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śakya

śakya - possible, practicable, capable of, able to be done

Gerundive / Potential Participle

From root 'śak' with suffix '-ya'.

Root: śak (class 5)

मूर्खसहायेन (mūrkhasahāyena) - by one whose helpers are fools

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mūrkhasahāya

mūrkhasahāya - having foolish companions/helpers

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mūrkha+sahāya)

• mūrkha – fool, ignorant, stupid
  noun (masculine)
• sahāya – helper, companion, assistant
  noun (masculine)

पापेन (pāpena) - by the sinful one, by sin

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pāpa

pāpa - evil, wicked, sinful, sin, bad deed

Note: Functions as a noun here, referring to a sinful person.

अविजितात्मना (avijitātmanā) - by one whose (ātman) is unconquered/uncontrolled

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of avijitātman

avijitātman - one whose self is unconquered, one who has not controlled his senses or passions

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+vijita+ātman)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• vijita – conquered, subdued, controlled
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'ji' with prefix 'vi'.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: ji (class 1)
• ātman – soul, self, essential nature, mind
  noun (masculine)

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