वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-31, verse-80

रामस्तु बहुभिर्हृष्टैर्निनदद्भिः प्लवंगमैः ।
वृतो रिपुवधाकाङ्क्षी युद्धायैवाभ्यवर्तत ॥८०॥

80. rāmastu bahubhirhṛṣṭairninadadbhiḥ plavaṃgamaiḥ ,
vṛto ripuvadhākāṅkṣī yuddhāyaivābhyavartata.

80. rāmaḥ tu bahubhiḥ hṛṣṭaiḥ ninadadbhiḥ plavaṅgamaiḥ
vṛtaḥ ripuvadhākāṅkṣī yuddhāya eva abhyavartata

80. rāmaḥ tu bahubhiḥ hṛṣṭaiḥ ninadadbhiḥ plavaṅgamaiḥ
vṛtaḥ ripuvadhākāṅkṣī eva yuddhāya abhyavartata

80. Rāma, however, surrounded by many joyful and shouting monkeys, and eager for the destruction of his foes, advanced directly towards battle.

Words meanings summery:

• रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rāma (Rāma (proper noun))

• तु (tu) - however (but, indeed, however)

• बहुभिः (bahubhiḥ) - by many

• हृष्टैः (hṛṣṭaiḥ) - joyful (joyful, delighted, excited)

• निनदद्भिः (ninadadbhiḥ) - shouting, roaring (roaring, shouting, making sound)

• प्लवङ्गमैः (plavaṅgamaiḥ) - by monkeys (by monkeys, by those who jump (or 'go') by leaping)

• वृतः (vṛtaḥ) - surrounded (surrounded, encompassed, covered)

• रिपुवधाकाङ्क्षी (ripuvadhākāṅkṣī) - eager for the destruction of his foes (desirous of killing enemies, longing for the slaughter of foes)

• युद्धाय (yuddhāya) - for battle (for battle, for fighting)

• एव (eva) - directly, indeed (indeed, just, only)

• अभ्यवर्तत (abhyavartata) - he advanced towards (he advanced, he proceeded, he turned towards)

Words meanings and morphology

रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rāma (Rāma (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rāma (proper name of the seventh avatar of Viṣṇu)

Note: Subject of the sentence

तु (tu) - however (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

बहुभिः (bahubhiḥ) - by many

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bahu

bahu - many, numerous, much

Note: Agrees with 'plavaṅgamaiḥ'

हृष्टैः (hṛṣṭaiḥ) - joyful (joyful, delighted, excited)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of hṛṣṭa

hṛṣṭa - joyful, delighted, excited, thrilled

Past Passive Participle

From √hṛṣ (to be pleased, rejoice)

Root: hṛṣ (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'plavaṅgamaiḥ'

निनदद्भिः (ninadadbhiḥ) - shouting, roaring (roaring, shouting, making sound)

(participle)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of ninadat

ninadat - roaring, shouting, sounding

Present Active Participle

From √nad (to sound, roar), intens. form

Root: nad (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'plavaṅgamaiḥ'

प्लवङ्गमैः (plavaṅgamaiḥ) - by monkeys (by monkeys, by those who jump (or 'go') by leaping)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of plavaṅgama

plavaṅgama - monkey, ape (lit. 'going by leaping')

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (kṛt) (plava+gama)

• plava – jumping, leaping, floating
  noun (masculine)
  action noun
  From √plu (to float, swim, jump)
  Root: plu (class 1)
• gama – going, moving
  adjective (masculine)
  kṛt suffix -a
  From √gam (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agent of the passive participle 'vṛtaḥ'

वृतः (vṛtaḥ) - surrounded (surrounded, encompassed, covered)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛta

vṛta - surrounded, encompassed, covered, chosen

Past Passive Participle

From √vṛ (to surround, cover, choose)

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Agrees with 'rāmaḥ'

रिपुवधाकाङ्क्षी (ripuvadhākāṅkṣī) - eager for the destruction of his foes (desirous of killing enemies, longing for the slaughter of foes)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ripuvadhākāṅkṣin

ripuvadhākāṅkṣin - desirous of killing enemies, longing for the slaughter of foes

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sub-compound is tatpuruṣa) (ripu+vadha+ākāṅkṣin)

• ripu – enemy, foe
  noun (masculine)
• vadha – killing, slaughter, destruction
  noun (masculine)
  action noun
  From √vadh (to strike, kill)
  Root: vadh (class 1)
• ākāṅkṣin – desirous of, longing for, wishing
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun (suffix -in)
  From ā- + √kāṅkṣ (to desire)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: kāṅkṣ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'rāmaḥ'

युद्धाय (yuddhāya) - for battle (for battle, for fighting)

(noun)

Dative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

Past Passive Participle (used as noun)

From √yudh (to fight)

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Indicates purpose

एव (eva) - directly, indeed (indeed, just, only)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the directness of the action

अभ्यवर्तत (abhyavartata) - he advanced towards (he advanced, he proceeded, he turned towards)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of √abhyavṛt

From abhi- + ava- + √vṛt (to turn, exist)

Prefixes: abhi+ava

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the sentence