मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-43, verse-73
काशिराज उवाच ।
किमलर्क परित्यक्तं राज्यं ते संयुगं विना ।
क्षत्रियस्य न धर्मोऽयं भवांश्च क्षत्रधर्मवित् ॥७३॥
किमलर्क परित्यक्तं राज्यं ते संयुगं विना ।
क्षत्रियस्य न धर्मोऽयं भवांश्च क्षत्रधर्मवित् ॥७३॥
73. kāśirāja uvāca .
kimalarka parityaktaṃ rājyaṃ te saṃyugaṃ vinā .
kṣatriyasya na dharmo'yaṃ bhavāṃśca kṣatradharmavit.
kimalarka parityaktaṃ rājyaṃ te saṃyugaṃ vinā .
kṣatriyasya na dharmo'yaṃ bhavāṃśca kṣatradharmavit.
73.
kāśirāja uvāca kim alarka parityaktam rājyam te saṃyugam
vinā kṣatriyasya na dharmaḥ ayam bhavān ca kṣatradharmavit
vinā kṣatriyasya na dharmaḥ ayam bhavān ca kṣatradharmavit
73.
The King of Kashi spoke: "Why, O Alarka, have you abandoned the kingdom without a battle? This is not the intrinsic nature (dharma) of a kshatriya, and you yourself are a knower of the kshatriya's duty (dharma)."
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- काशिराज (kāśirāja) - King of Kashi
- उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said
- किम् (kim) - why, what
- अलर्क (alarka) - O Alarka
- परित्यक्तम् (parityaktam) - abandoned, given up, forsaken
- राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom, sovereignty
- ते (te) - by you
- संयुगम् (saṁyugam) - battle, combat, conflict
- विना (vinā) - without, except for
- क्षत्रियस्य (kṣatriyasya) - of a kshatriya
- न (na) - not, no
- धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - duty, righteousness, law, intrinsic nature (dharma)
- अयम् (ayam) - this, he
- भवान् (bhavān) - you (honorific)
- च (ca) - and, also
- क्षत्रधर्मवित् (kṣatradharmavit) - knower of kshatriya duty (dharma)
Words meanings and morphology
काशिराज (kāśirāja) - King of Kashi
(proper noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of kāśirāja
kāśirāja - King of Kashi
Compound type : genitive tatpurusha (kāśi+rāja)
- kāśi – Kashi (an ancient city and kingdom)
proper noun (masculine) - rāja – king, ruler
noun (masculine)
Root: rāj (class 1)
उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac
perfect tense
Perfect 3rd singular active of √vac (class 2 Parasmaipada)
Root: vac (class 2)
किम् (kim) - why, what
(indeclinable)
अलर्क (alarka) - O Alarka
(proper noun)
Vocative, masculine, singular of alarka
alarka - Alarka (a king)
परित्यक्तम् (parityaktam) - abandoned, given up, forsaken
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of parityakta
parityakta - abandoned, forsaken, given up
past passive participle
Past passive participle of √tyaj (to abandon) with prefix pari-
Prefix: pari
Root: tyaj (class 1)
राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom, sovereignty
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of rājya
rājya - kingdom, sovereignty, rule
ते (te) - by you
(pronoun)
singular of yuṣmad
yuṣmad - you
Note: Here used in the instrumental sense 'by you'.
संयुगम् (saṁyugam) - battle, combat, conflict
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of saṃyuga
saṁyuga - battle, combat, conflict
Prefix: sam
Root: yuj (class 7)
विना (vinā) - without, except for
(indeclinable)
क्षत्रियस्य (kṣatriyasya) - of a kshatriya
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of kṣatriya
kṣatriya - member of the warrior class, kshatriya
न (na) - not, no
(indeclinable)
धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - duty, righteousness, law, intrinsic nature (dharma)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma
dharma - duty, righteousness, law, intrinsic nature (dharma), constitution
Root: dhṛ (class 1)
अयम् (ayam) - this, he
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of idam
idam - this, he, she, it
भवान् (bhavān) - you (honorific)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of bhavat
bhavat - you (honorific), your honor
Note: Used as an honorific second-person pronoun.
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
क्षत्रधर्मवित् (kṣatradharmavit) - knower of kshatriya duty (dharma)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣatradharmavid
kṣatradharmavid - knower of kshatriya duty/law/nature
Compound type : tatpurusha (kṣatradharma+vid)
- kṣatradharma – duty/law/nature of a kshatriya, kshatriya's intrinsic nature (dharma)
noun (masculine) - vid – knower, knowing
adjective (masculine)
Derived from √vid (to know)
Root: vid (class 2)