मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-43, verse-34
स्वभाववैपरीत्यन्तु प्रकृतेश्च विपर्ययः ।
कथयन्ति मनुष्याणां सदासन्नौ यमान्तकौ ॥३४॥
कथयन्ति मनुष्याणां सदासन्नौ यमान्तकौ ॥३४॥
34. svabhāvavaiparītyantu prakṛteśca viparyayaḥ .
kathayanti manuṣyāṇāṃ sadāsannau yamāntakau.
kathayanti manuṣyāṇāṃ sadāsannau yamāntakau.
34.
svabhāvavaiparītyam tu prakṛteḥ ca viparyayaḥ
kathayanti manuṣyāṇām sadāsannau yamāntakau
kathayanti manuṣyāṇām sadāsannau yamāntakau
34.
Indeed, a deviation from one's intrinsic nature and a perversion of universal nature (prakṛti) are, people say, indications that Yama and Antaka (death) are always imminent for human beings.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- स्वभाववैपरीत्यम् (svabhāvavaiparītyam) - deviation from one's intrinsic nature (contrariety to intrinsic nature, opposition to inherent disposition)
- तु (tu) - indeed (for emphasis) (but, indeed, however, on the other hand)
- प्रकृतेः (prakṛteḥ) - of universal nature (prakṛti) (of nature, of material nature, of primal matter)
- च (ca) - and (and, also)
- विपर्ययः (viparyayaḥ) - perversion, reversal (reversal, inversion, perversion, contrary, mistake)
- कथयन्ति (kathayanti) - they declare, people say (they tell, they speak, they narrate, they declare)
- मनुष्याणाम् (manuṣyāṇām) - for human beings (of humans, for humans, among humans)
- सदासन्नौ (sadāsannau) - always imminent, very near (always near, constantly impending)
- यमान्तकौ (yamāntakau) - Yama and Antaka (death personified as two figures) (Yama and Antaka (names of Death or death personified))
Words meanings and morphology
स्वभाववैपरीत्यम् (svabhāvavaiparītyam) - deviation from one's intrinsic nature (contrariety to intrinsic nature, opposition to inherent disposition)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of svabhāvavaiparītya
svabhāvavaiparītya - contrariety to one's own nature, opposition to one's intrinsic nature
Compound type : tatpurusha (svabhāva+vaiparītya)
- svabhāva – intrinsic nature, self-existence, inherent disposition
noun (masculine)
Prefix: sva - vaiparītya – contrariety, opposition, perversion, inversion
noun (neuter)
Derived from viparita (contrary, opposite) + -ya (abstract suffix).
Prefixes: vi+pari
Root: i (class 2)
तु (tu) - indeed (for emphasis) (but, indeed, however, on the other hand)
(indeclinable)
प्रकृतेः (prakṛteḥ) - of universal nature (prakṛti) (of nature, of material nature, of primal matter)
(noun)
Genitive, feminine, singular of prakṛti
prakṛti - nature, primal matter, fundamental constituent, original form
Derived from pra-kṛ (to make, to do) + -ti (feminine agent/action suffix).
Prefix: pra
Root: kṛ (class 8)
च (ca) - and (and, also)
(indeclinable)
विपर्ययः (viparyayaḥ) - perversion, reversal (reversal, inversion, perversion, contrary, mistake)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of viparyaya
viparyaya - reversal, inversion, contrary, error, perversion
Derived from vi-pari-i (root i to go).
Prefixes: vi+pari
Root: i (class 2)
कथयन्ति (kathayanti) - they declare, people say (they tell, they speak, they narrate, they declare)
(verb)
3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of kath
Denominative verb from kathā (story, speech).
Root: kath (class 10)
Note: Subject implied (e.g., 'the wise,' 'people').
मनुष्याणाम् (manuṣyāṇām) - for human beings (of humans, for humans, among humans)
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, plural of manuṣya
manuṣya - human, man, mankind
Derived from manu (man, progenitor) + ṣya (suffix).
Note: Here, genitive indicating purpose or relation ('for humans').
सदासन्नौ (sadāsannau) - always imminent, very near (always near, constantly impending)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, dual of sadāsanna
sadāsanna - always near, constantly close, imminent
Compound: sadā (always) + āsanna (near).
Compound type : karmadhāraya (sadā+āsanna)
- sadā – always, perpetually, eternally
indeclinable - āsanna – near, proximate, imminent, approached
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
From ā-sad (to sit near, to approach).
Prefix: ā
Root: sad (class 1)
Note: Agrees with yamāntakau.
यमान्तकौ (yamāntakau) - Yama and Antaka (death personified as two figures) (Yama and Antaka (names of Death or death personified))
(proper noun)
Nominative, masculine, dual of yamāntaka
yamāntaka - Yama-Antaka, (lit. Yama, the destroyer), names of the god of death or personification of death. (dual refers to Yama and Antaka as two distinct, but related, entities of death).
Compound. Yama (god of death) and Antaka (finisher, destroyer - an epithet of Yama, but here treated as separate or a dual aspect of death).
Compound type : dvandva (yama+antaka)
- yama – controller, restrainer, god of death, self-control
proper noun (masculine)
Root: yam (class 1) - antaka – finisher, destroyer, causing an end, god of death (Yama)
proper noun (masculine)
From ant (end) + aka (agent suffix).
Root: ant
Note: Refers to the two aspects or forms of death.