मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-43, verse-1
दत्तात्रेय उवाच ।
अरिष्टानि महाराज शृणु वक्ष्यामि तानि ते ।
येषामालोकनान्मृत्युं निजं जानाति योगवित् ॥१॥
अरिष्टानि महाराज शृणु वक्ष्यामि तानि ते ।
येषामालोकनान्मृत्युं निजं जानाति योगवित् ॥१॥
1. dattātreya uvāca .
ariṣṭāni mahārāja śṛṇu vakṣyāmi tāni te .
yeṣāmālokanānmṛtyuṃ nijaṃ jānāti yogavit.
ariṣṭāni mahārāja śṛṇu vakṣyāmi tāni te .
yeṣāmālokanānmṛtyuṃ nijaṃ jānāti yogavit.
1.
dattātreyaḥ uvāca ariṣṭāni mahārāja śṛṇu vakṣyāmi
tāni te yeṣām ālokanāt mṛtyum nijam jānāti yogavit
tāni te yeṣām ālokanāt mṛtyum nijam jānāti yogavit
1.
Dattātreya said: "O great king (mahārāja), listen to me! I will explain to you the omens (ariṣṭa), by observing which a knower of yoga (yoga) recognizes his own impending death."
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- दत्तात्रेयः (dattātreyaḥ) - Dattātreya (a proper name)
- उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke
- अरिष्टानि (ariṣṭāni) - bad omens, misfortunes
- महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king
- शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen, hear (imperative)
- वक्ष्यामि (vakṣyāmi) - I will tell, I will speak
- तानि (tāni) - them (those)
- ते (te) - to you
- येषाम् (yeṣām) - of which, whose
- आलोकनात् (ālokanāt) - by observing, from observation
- मृत्युम् (mṛtyum) - death
- निजम् (nijam) - one's own, personal, inherent
- जानाति (jānāti) - knows, recognizes, understands
- योगवित् (yogavit) - one who knows yoga, an expert in yoga
Words meanings and morphology
दत्तात्रेयः (dattātreyaḥ) - Dattātreya (a proper name)
(proper noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of dattātreya
dattātreya - Name of a revered sage and avatar
उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of vac
root verb, irregular perfect form
Root: vac (class 2)
अरिष्टानि (ariṣṭāni) - bad omens, misfortunes
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, plural of ariṣṭa
ariṣṭa - ill omen, misfortune, ominous sign
from a-riṣṭa 'not injured', meaning an uninjured state or one that forebodes evil
Root: riṣ (class 4)
महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king
(noun)
Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja
mahārāja - great king, emperor
Karmadhāraya compound
Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahat+rājan)
- mahat – great, large, mighty
adjective - rājan – king, ruler
noun (masculine)
Root: rāj (class 1)
शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen, hear (imperative)
(verb)
2nd person , singular, active, imperative (Lot) of śru
root verb
Root: śru (class 5)
वक्ष्यामि (vakṣyāmi) - I will tell, I will speak
(verb)
1st person , singular, active, future (Lṛṭ) of vac
root verb, future form
Root: vac (class 2)
तानि (tāni) - them (those)
(pronoun)
Accusative, neuter, plural of tad
tad - that, this, those
ते (te) - to you
(pronoun)
Dative, singular of tvad
tvad - you
Note: Can also be genitive.
येषाम् (yeṣām) - of which, whose
(pronoun)
Genitive, plural of yad
yad - who, which, what
Note: Refers to the 'ariṣṭa' (omens), which are neuter plural.
आलोकनात् (ālokanāt) - by observing, from observation
(noun)
Ablative, neuter, singular of ālokana
ālokana - seeing, looking, observation, sight
from ā-lok 'to see'
Prefix: ā
Root: lok (class 1)
मृत्युम् (mṛtyum) - death
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of mṛtyu
mṛtyu - death, dying, the god of death
from mṛ 'to die'
Root: mṛ (class 6)
निजम् (nijam) - one's own, personal, inherent
(adjective)
Accusative, neuter, singular of nija
nija - one's own, inherent, native, personal
Note: Agrees with 'mṛtyum' (neuter form of an adjective can modify a masculine noun if the noun is used neutrally, or here, it acts as an adverbial accusative, 'one's own death'). Often 'nija' is considered to agree with the noun's gender. 'Mṛtyu' is masculine. So 'nijam' would be accusative masculine 'nijam'. It can be neuter or masculine in some cases. Given the form, neuter accusative singular seems most likely.
जानाति (jānāti) - knows, recognizes, understands
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (Lat) of jñā
root verb
Root: jñā (class 9)
योगवित् (yogavit) - one who knows yoga, an expert in yoga
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of yogavid
yogavid - knower of yoga, expert in yoga
Tatpurusha compound
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yoga+vid)
- yoga – union, conjunction, spiritual discipline
noun (masculine)
from yuj 'to join'
Root: yuj (class 7) - vid – knowing, understanding, a knower
adjective/noun (masculine)
Present Active Participle (derived)
from vid 'to know'
Root: vid (class 2)