महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-62, verse-8

हतं दुर्योधनं दृष्ट्वा भीमसेनेन संयुगे ।
व्युत्क्रम्य समयं राजन्धार्तराष्ट्रं महाबलम् ॥८॥

8. hataṁ duryodhanaṁ dṛṣṭvā bhīmasenena saṁyuge ,
vyutkramya samayaṁ rājandhārtarāṣṭraṁ mahābalam.

8. hatam duryodhanam dṛṣṭvā bhīmasenena saṃyuge
vyutkramya samayam rājan dhārtarāṣṭram mahābalam

8. rājan saṃyuge bhīmasenena samayam vyutkramya
hatam mahābalam dhārtarāṣṭram duryodhanam dṛṣṭvā

8. O King, having seen the mighty son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra, Duryodhana, killed by Bhīmasena in battle, after he had violated the agreement (samaya)...

Words meanings summery:

• हतम् (hatam) - Duryodhana who was killed. (killed, slain)

• दुर्योधनम् (duryodhanam) - The main antagonist, son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (Duryodhana (proper name))

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - The speaker saw Duryodhana killed. (having seen, after seeing)

• भीमसेनेन (bhīmasenena) - Bhīmasena is the agent of Duryodhana's killing. (by Bhīmasena)

• संयुगे (saṁyuge) - The killing took place during a battle. (in battle, in conflict)

• व्युत्क्रम्य (vyutkramya) - Duryodhana violated an agreement. (having violated, having transgressed, having stepped over)

• समयम् (samayam) - Duryodhana violated a specific agreement or code of conduct. (agreement, pact, appointment, time)

• राजन् (rājan) - The speaker addressing King Janamejaya. (O King)

• धार्तराष्ट्रम् (dhārtarāṣṭram) - Referring to Duryodhana. (son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

• महाबलम् (mahābalam) - Describing Duryodhana's great power. (very mighty, of great strength)

Words meanings and morphology

हतम् (hatam) - Duryodhana who was killed. (killed, slain)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - killed, slain, struck, injured, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

From root `han` (to strike, kill) + `kta` suffix.

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Functions as an adjective.

दुर्योधनम् (duryodhanam) - The main antagonist, son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (Duryodhana (proper name))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - epithet of the eldest Kaurava prince, meaning 'hard to fight with'.

From `dur` (bad, difficult) + `yodhana` (fighter).

Note: Object of `dṛṣṭvā`.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - The speaker saw Duryodhana killed. (having seen, after seeing)

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

From root `dṛś` (to see) + `tvā` suffix.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Represents a completed action.

भीमसेनेन (bhīmasenena) - Bhīmasena is the agent of Duryodhana's killing. (by Bhīmasena)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhīmasena

bhīmasena - name of the second Pāṇḍava brother, meaning 'he who has a terrible army' or 'he who has terrible valor'.

Compound of `bhīma` (terrible) and `sena` (army, valor).

Note: Agent in the past passive participle construction.

संयुगे (saṁyuge) - The killing took place during a battle. (in battle, in conflict)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃyuga

saṁyuga - joining, meeting, union, combat, battle, war

From `sam` (with) + root `yuj` (to join) + `a` suffix.

Prefix: sam

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Often treated as neuter also.

व्युत्क्रम्य (vyutkramya) - Duryodhana violated an agreement. (having violated, having transgressed, having stepped over)

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

From root `kram` (to step) with prefixes `vi` and `ut`. `lyaP` suffix for compound verbs.

Prefixes: vi+ut

Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Represents a completed action.

समयम् (samayam) - Duryodhana violated a specific agreement or code of conduct. (agreement, pact, appointment, time)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of samaya

samaya - agreement, compact, covenant, stipulated condition, appointed time, rule, custom, religious obligation

From `sam` (together) + root `i` (to go) + `a` suffix.

Prefix: sam

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Object of `vyutkramya`.

राजन् (rājan) - The speaker addressing King Janamejaya. (O King)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

Root `rāj` (to shine, rule) + `an` suffix.

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: N-stem noun.

धार्तराष्ट्रम् (dhārtarāṣṭram) - Referring to Duryodhana. (son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhārtarāṣṭra

dhārtarāṣṭra - descendant of Dhṛtarāṣṭra; specifically refers to Duryodhana or his brothers.

From `dhṛtarāṣṭra` + `a` (patronymic) suffix.

Note: A patronymic.

महाबलम् (mahābalam) - Describing Duryodhana's great power. (very mighty, of great strength)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahābala

mahābala - of great strength, very powerful, mighty

Bahuvrīhi compound: 'one whose strength is great'.

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (mahā+bala)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• bala – strength, power, force, might, army
  noun (neuter)