महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-62, verse-31

तं रथं यादवश्रेष्ठः समारुह्य परंतपः ।
जगाम हास्तिनपुरं त्वरितः केशवो विभुः ॥३१॥

31. taṁ rathaṁ yādavaśreṣṭhaḥ samāruhya paraṁtapaḥ ,
jagāma hāstinapuraṁ tvaritaḥ keśavo vibhuḥ.

31. tam ratham yādava-śreṣṭhaḥ samāruhya parantapaḥ
jagāma hāstinapuram tvaritaḥ keśavaḥ vibhuḥ

31. yādava-śreṣṭhaḥ parantapaḥ vibhuḥ keśavaḥ tam
ratham samāruhya tvaritaḥ hāstinapuram jagāma

31. Having mounted that chariot, Keśava, the best among the Yadavas, the tormentor of enemies, the mighty lord, swiftly proceeded to Hastinapura.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - that aforementioned (chariot) (that)

• रथम् (ratham) - chariot

• यादव-श्रेष्ठः (yādava-śreṣṭhaḥ) - Krishna, as the foremost of the Yadu dynasty (best of the Yadavas)

• समारुह्य (samāruhya) - having ascended, having mounted

• परन्तपः (parantapaḥ) - Krishna, who vanquishes enemies (tormentor of foes, subduer of enemies)

• जगाम (jagāma) - Krishna proceeded (he went)

• हास्तिनपुरम् (hāstinapuram) - to Hastinapura

• त्वरितः (tvaritaḥ) - swiftly (hastened, quick, swift)

• केशवः (keśavaḥ) - Krishna (Keśava)

• विभुः (vibhuḥ) - Krishna, as the powerful lord (mighty, powerful, lord, omnipresent)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - that aforementioned (chariot) (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to ratham.

रथम् (ratham) - chariot

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

Root: rath (class 1)

Note: Object of samāruhya.

यादव-श्रेष्ठः (yādava-śreṣṭhaḥ) - Krishna, as the foremost of the Yadu dynasty (best of the Yadavas)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yādava-śreṣṭha

yādava-śreṣṭha - best among the Yadavas, chief of the Yadus

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yādava+śreṣṭha)

• yādava – descendant of Yadu, belonging to the Yadu lineage
  noun (masculine)
• śreṣṭha – best, excellent, foremost, principal
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative form of praśasya (praise-worthy).
  Root: śri (class 1)

Note: Nominative subject, referring to Krishna.

समारुह्य (samāruhya) - having ascended, having mounted

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Formed from prefixes sam + ā + root ruh (to ascend) with suffix -ya (for prefixed verbs).

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: ruh (class 1)

परन्तपः (parantapaḥ) - Krishna, who vanquishes enemies (tormentor of foes, subduer of enemies)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parantapa

parantapa - tormenting enemies, oppressing adversaries, hero

Compound: para (enemy) + tapa (burning, tormenting).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (para+tapa)

• para – other, alien, enemy, supreme
  adjective (masculine)
• tapa – heat, torment, austerities (tapas)
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root tap (to heat, to burn).
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Agrees with keśavaḥ.

जगाम (jagāma) - Krishna proceeded (he went)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of jagāma

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Reduplicated perfect form of root gam (to go).

Root: gam (class 1)

हास्तिनपुरम् (hāstinapuram) - to Hastinapura

(proper noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of hāstinapura

hāstinapura - Hastinapura (capital city of the Kauravas)

Note: Denotes destination.

त्वरितः (tvaritaḥ) - swiftly (hastened, quick, swift)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tvarita

tvarita - hastened, quick, sped, hurried

Past passive participle

From root tvar (to hasten) with suffix -ita.

Root: tvar (class 1)

Note: Used adjectivally to describe Krishna's action.

केशवः (keśavaḥ) - Krishna (Keśava)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of keśava

keśava - having beautiful hair; a name of Vishnu or Krishna

Note: Subject of jagāma.

विभुः (vibhuḥ) - Krishna, as the powerful lord (mighty, powerful, lord, omnipresent)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vibhu

vibhu - all-pervading, mighty, powerful, lord, sovereign

Formed from prefix vi + root bhū (to be).

Prefix: vi

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Agrees with keśavaḥ.