महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-62, verse-43

त्वया कालोपसृष्टेन लोभतो नापवर्जिताः ।
तवापराधान्नृपते सर्वं क्षत्रं क्षयं गतम् ॥४३॥

43. tvayā kālopasṛṣṭena lobhato nāpavarjitāḥ ,
tavāparādhānnṛpate sarvaṁ kṣatraṁ kṣayaṁ gatam.

43. tvayā kālopasṛṣṭena lobhataḥ na apavarjitāḥ tava
aparādhāt nṛpate sarvam kṣatram kṣayam gatam

43. nṛpate tvayā kālopasṛṣṭena lobhataḥ na apavarjitāḥ
tava aparādhāt sarvam kṣatram kṣayam gatam

43. Influenced by fate and driven by greed, you did not release (the villages). O king, because of your offense, the entire warrior class (kṣatram) has met its destruction.

Words meanings summery:

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you

• कालोपसृष्टेन (kālopasṛṣṭena) - referring to Duryodhana, who is afflicted by time/fate (by one afflicted by time/fate; by one assailed by destiny)

• लोभतः (lobhataḥ) - from greed, due to greed, out of avarice

• न (na) - not, no

• अपवर्जिताः (apavarjitāḥ) - referring to the five villages that Duryodhana did not give up (not given up, not released, not abandoned)

• तव (tava) - your, of you

• अपराधात् (aparādhāt) - from offense, due to fault, because of sin

• नृपते (nṛpate) - addressing Duryodhana (O king, O ruler)

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, entire, whole

• क्षत्रम् (kṣatram) - the entire kṣatriya (warrior) class or lineage (warrior class, dominion, sovereignty)

• क्षयम् (kṣayam) - destruction, ruin, loss

• गतम् (gatam) - met its destruction (combining with 'kṣayam') (gone, arrived at, reached)

Words meanings and morphology

त्वया (tvayā) - by you

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

कालोपसृष्टेन (kālopasṛṣṭena) - referring to Duryodhana, who is afflicted by time/fate (by one afflicted by time/fate; by one assailed by destiny)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kālopasṛṣṭa

kālopasṛṣṭa - afflicted by time/fate, assailed by destiny

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kāla+upasṛṣṭa)

• kāla – time, fate, destiny
  noun (masculine)
• upasṛṣṭa – assailed, afflicted, attacked
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  derived from root sṛj (to throw, emit) with prefix upa (near, towards)
  Prefix: upa
  Root: sṛj (class 6)

Note: Qualifies 'tvayā'.

लोभतः (lobhataḥ) - from greed, due to greed, out of avarice

(indeclinable)

Root: lubh (class 4)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अपवर्जिताः (apavarjitāḥ) - referring to the five villages that Duryodhana did not give up (not given up, not released, not abandoned)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of apavarjita

apavarjita - given up, released, abandoned, granted

Past Passive Participle

derived from root vṛj (to avert, turn off) with prefix apa (away)

Prefix: apa

Root: vṛj (class 1)

Note: Used here with 'na' to mean 'were not given up'.

तव (tava) - your, of you

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

अपराधात् (aparādhāt) - from offense, due to fault, because of sin

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of aparādha

aparādha - offense, fault, sin, crime

Prefix: apa

Root: rādh (class 4)

नृपते (nṛpate) - addressing Duryodhana (O king, O ruler)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of nṛpati

nṛpati - king, lord of men

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pati)

• nṛ – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• pati – lord, master, husband
  noun (masculine)

सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, entire, whole

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

क्षत्रम् (kṣatram) - the entire kṣatriya (warrior) class or lineage (warrior class, dominion, sovereignty)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kṣatra

kṣatra - dominion, power, rule, warrior class, kṣatriya

Root: kṣi (class 1)

क्षयम् (kṣayam) - destruction, ruin, loss

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṣaya

kṣaya - destruction, ruin, decrease, loss

Root: kṣi (class 1)

गतम् (gatam) - met its destruction (combining with 'kṣayam') (gone, arrived at, reached)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of gata

gata - gone, departed, reached, attained

Past Passive Participle

derived from the root gam (to go)

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Used here with 'kṣayam' (accusative) in a compound sense 'gone to destruction'.

Previous Verse Next Verse